Week 14-Applications to Clinical Practice Flashcards
(31 cards)
If two-stage chemical euthanasia is used for an adult cat without placement of an IV catheter, what drug or drug combination would be most appropriate for initial IM sedation?
a.Medetomidine-ketamine.
b.Medetomidine-butorphanol.
c.Tiletamine-zolazepam.
d.Ketamine-xylazine.
c.Tiletamine-zolazepam.
Cooperative care approaches emphasise the preventing and alleviation of what three key emotions in animals?
a.Fear, Anxiety, Stress.
b.Pain, Aggression, Frustration.
c.Distress, Distrust, Deprivation.
d.Arousal, Depression, Re-direction.
a.Fear, Anxiety, Stress.
How many years of post-graduate experience must a veterinarian have to apply to become a member of the Australian and New Zealand College of Veterinary Scientists?
a.Zero.
b.1 year.
c.3.5 years.
d.5 years.
c.3.5 years.
What is the recommended dose when using pentobarbitone for euthanasia via the IV route?
a.75 mg/kg.
b.150 mg/kg.
c.325 mg/kg.
d.500 mg/kg.
b.150 mg/kg.
What risks are associated with burying a pet euthanased with pentobarbitone in an owner’s backyard?
a.High economic costs.
b.The risk of relay toxicity in other owned pet dogs.
c.Potential air pollution.
d.Deleterious pH effects on soil invertebrates.
The risk of relay toxicity in other owned pet dogs.
Give five specific examples of situations in which veterinarians are expected to integrate their knowledge of animal welfare science and behaviour to provide professional advice in clinical practice.
In discussions of training methods used for new puppies, including the potential for positive punishment to cause pain and stress.
In providing advice to livestock producers around the benefits of using routine pain relief for invasive procedures, informed by pain studies that have employed behavioural measures of pain.
In applying acute pain scales in post-surgical contexts for small animal patients.
In presenting cat owners with for and against arguments for continuous confinement of pet cats.
In advising clients of the animal welfare implications of different food production systems and housing systems applied to livestock.
Anything else relevant
Physical euthanasia for pets
-shooting and captive blot are just as effective for dogs and cats
-no biological important reason not to use them
-not used due to cultural reasons
Are electrolyte solutions used to euthanise companion animals?
NO
Is intra-thecal lignocaine used to euthanise companion animals?
NO
What is an appropriate IV
pentobarbitone dose (mg) for
euthanasia of a 40 kg Rottweiler dog?
6000mg
What drug classes are appropriate for two stage chemical euthanasia if not placing an IV catheter?
-Alpha-2 agonists
-Dissociatives
What should you consider when using drugs for two stage euthanasia without an IV catheter?
f you’re using this approach without using an IV catheter, or before
placing an IV catheter, try not to use a class of sedative that will
profoundly reduce blood pressure
- This can make subsequent IV access difficult
- IM Tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil®) is a common option
- This approach is also particularly useful for most wildlife species that
might present at your clinic
What is a good drug combo to use IM for a two stage euthanasia (small animal)?
- IM Tiletamine-zolazepam (Zoletil®)
Why does extra-vascular pentobarbitone hurt?
-alkalinity (high pH)
-ethanol
Why is it important to dilute pentobarbitone?
-euthanasia solutions of pentobarbitone are highly alkaline
-injection outside of veins is painful, euthanasia solutions also contain variable amounts of ethanol
-diluting will decrease pH
Disadvantages of diluting pentobarbitone
Large ↑ in volume
* Volume of injection can also cause pain due to distension of tissues if injected
outside a vein
most vets don’t dilute it
What needle size is ideal for pentobarbitone?
LARGER than G23
Green (21G) and black (22G) are popular for small
animals
* Pink (18G) and cream (19G) are great for large animals
Where is the most common site of IV administration of pentobarbitone in a dog
Cephalic vein
What can you do if the animal has poor blood pressure and you couldnt get a vein?
Intrarenal
Gas sedation, and cardiac puncture
Sedate & IR, IH, IP (intra-renal, intra-heart, peritoneum)
Give a drug that increases BP
What are the standard checks to do after euthanasia to make sure an animal is dead?
As for livestock and horses, you need to perform standard checks
after euthanasia measures are applied:
* Absence of corneal (blink) reflex
* Absence of heartbeat
* Absence of breathing
Do an extra check after one minute to ensure there is no audible
heartbeat
What to discuss with the owner prior to euthanasia?
Does the owner wish to be present?
Where will the euthanasia take place?
Home vs clinic vs car etc.
How long will it take?
What will be done?
* Will an IV catheter be placed?
* Will the animal be sedated?
What to warn the owner about prior to euthanasia?
-agonal gasping
-urination and defecation
Agonal gasping
Sometimes, the last few breaths are what’s termed ‘agonal’, meaning involuntary muscle
contractions, but the pet is not sensible (conscious) at this point
After the animal dies, there is complete muscle relaxation, often accompanied by urination and
defaecation
This is completely normal and is something an owner should expect
What two stage chemical euthanasia is commonly used by vets?
For wild mammals >1 kg, a commonly approach is:
1. IM tiletamine-zolazepam
2. IV / IC pentobarbitone
Zoletil is useful for two-stage euthanasia
1. tiletamine-zolazepam ‘intra-any animal’
i.e. any animal, any route of administration
2. then, barbiturate euthanasia solution
