Week 12- Applications to clinical practice Flashcards
(60 cards)
What is the most common reason given for why veterinarians should not treat parasite infestations in free-ranging wild animals?
a.Anthelmintic resistance is widespread.
b.Aracides are insecticides are poisonous to many marsupial and monotreme species.
c.Interventions are only considered justifiable in cases of unambiguous anthropogenic harm.
d.Costs are prohibitive.
c.Interventions are only considered justifiable in cases of unambiguous anthropogenic harm.
What mortality rates are typically observed in the 12 months after koalas are translocated?
a. ~1%.
b. ~9%.
c. ~22%.
d.~38%.
d.~38%.
Which of the following is an animal welfare concern associated with the use of GnRH immunocontraceptive vaccines in control of hyperabundant wild animals?
a.They reduce aggressive interactions but suppress natural reproductive behaviours.
b.Intra-muscular vaccine injection is extremely painful.
c.They can cause long-term stress level increases through their testosterone-like action.
d.Anaphylactic reactions to the vaccine are life-threatening and common
They reduce aggressive interactions but suppress natural reproductive behaviours.
What Category of firearm are dart rifles in Western Australia?
a.Category A/B.
b.Category C.
c.Category D.
d.Category E.
Category E.
How are dart rifles and remote injection darts powered?
a.Both rifles and darts can use either gunpowder or CO2.
b.Both rifles and darts can use either gunpowder or compressed air.
c.Rifles can use either gunpowder or compressed air and darts can use either gunpowder or CO2.
d.Rifles can use either gunpowder or CO2 and darts can use either gunpowder or compressed air.
Rifles can use either gunpowder or CO2 and darts can use either gunpowder or compressed air.
Give five examples of situations in which darting (remote chemical immobilisation) is commonly used by Australian veterinarians.
1)Capture of injured or urban kangaroos
2)Treatment of flighty or unhandled horses
3)Safe restraint of dangerous dogs
4)Treatment of cattle on properties with poor facilities
5)Capture of cattle that escape from paddocks, yards, trucks, boats
6)For treatment of entangled marine mammals (e.g. pinnipeds)
7)Treatment of deer on deer farms
8)For research involving telemetry studies of wildlife species
What are the welfare concerns associated with zoos?
-Unnatural housing conditions
-Climate not within natural range
-Restricted space
-Unnatural diet
-Unnatural presentation of food – dead prey animals, cut up fruit/veg, limited browse
-Unnatural exposure to humans
-Exposure to unnecessary stressors (e.g. concerts at zoos)
What aspect of animal biology is most predictive of the occurrence of animal welfare issues in captive carnivore species?
-ranging behaviour (home range size and typical daily travel distance)
What is the major welfare concern with zoos?
Stereotypic behaviours are a major zoo welfare problem with its
most important mitigation measure being environmental enrichment
-development of stereotypic behaviours
How do visitor encounters (photography at zoos) affect koalas?
-fecal cortisol metabolites
-higher in intensive photography compared to controls
-FCMs returned to basal levels during standard photography
What is persecution of wild animals?
control or eradication
can be lethal (killing) or non-lethal (fertility control)
The Agreement on International Humane Trapping Standards (AIHTS)- what does it focus on?
- Time to insensibility
- Frequency of non-lethal deployment
- Animals caught in lethal traps should be rendered permanently insensible in <3 minutes
What are the issues with using potassium cyanide on behaviour and time to death in possums?
-average time to ataxia is 3 min
-loss of conciousness takes 6 min
-cessation of breathing takes 18 min
In the study of animal welfare for culling of per-urbane kangaroos what was the intstaneous death rate? What was the median stress time?
98% instantaneous death rate
median stress time 4s
Why do poor welfare outcomes result from translocation? (grey kangaroos)
-released by members of the public while they are in their temporary holding enclosure
-in the study talked about in class 40.3% of the kangaroos died or were euthanized before being released from the translocation release enclosures
What are the methods of fertility control?
Endocrine disruption
GnRH
(gonadotropin
-releasing hormone)
immunocontraceptive vaccines
No endocrine disruption
PZP (porcine
zona pellucida) immunocontraceptive
vaccines
What is a major welfare concern associated with GnRH vaccines?
-they suppress natural reproductive behaviours (similar to gonadectomy)
What are the 7 principles for eithical wildlife control
1- begin by modifying human practices
2-justify with evidence
3-ensure objectives are clear and achievable
4- prioritize animal welfare
5-maintain social acceptability
6- conduct systematic planning
7-make decisions based on specifics, not labels
How is welfare of free living animals measured?
-non-invasive sampling method
faecal cortisol metabolite concentrations
-Leukocyte Coping Capacity; proxy for stress. It quantifies oxygen free radical production by leukocytes (WBCs)
Anti-natalism
The justification for eradicating life on earth derived from sentient welfare-based ethics is a
particularly dangerous form of anti-natalism, where you disvalue pain more than you value life and all its other values
When to intervene with wildlife?
- Anthropogenic cause is unambiguous ex. seal caught in plastic wrap
- Anthropogenic cause is uncertain
- Natural processes are responsible for harm BUT… Natural processes are responsible BUT there are ‘special animals’ (charismatic
species), threat of extinction - When human utility is threatened
Why is it sometimes easier to use physical restraint than chemical immobilization for wild animals?
-chemical immobilisation is expensive, dangerous, and legally complex
What are some methods of physical restraint
Blankets
noose poles
nets
