Week 10 - Digestive System

Question 1

6 integrated processes of the digestive system

Answer 1

• Ingestion
  
  • Mechanical digestion and propulsion
  • Chemical digestion
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
    Defecation

Question 2

Define ingestion

Answer 2

when food enters oral cavity

Question 3

Define mechanical digestion and propulsions

Answer 3

Crushing and shearing of food

Question 4

Define chemical digestion

Answer 4

• Chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments for absorption by digestive epithelium

Question 5

Define secretion

Answer 5

Release of water, acids, enzymes, buffers and salts

Question 6

Define absorption

Answer 6

Movement of organic molecules, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals and water

Question 7

Define defecation

Answer 7

Elimination of waste from body

Question 8

Define myenteric plexus

Answer 8

Network of parasympathetic ganglia, sensory neurons, interneurons, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers

Question 9

Define segmentation

Answer 9

Cycles of contraction that churn and fragment the bolos, mixing contents with intestinal secretions

Question 10

Functions of the oral cavity

Answer 10

Sensory analysis
Mechanical digestion
Lubrication
Limited chemical digestion

Question 11

Functions of the tongue

Answer 11

Mechanical digestion Manipulation to assist chewing
Sensory analysis
Secretions of mucus

Question 12

Define mastication

Answer 12

Chewing

Question 13

3 regions of the pharynx (throat)

Answer 13

Naso, oro, laryngo: pharynx

Question 14

Function of the esophagus

Answer 14

Conveys food and liquids to stomach

Question 15

Define deglutition

Answer 15

Swallowing

Question 16

Define microbiome

Answer 16

Microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses) that live in and on the human body

Question 17

3 vitamins important for digestion

Answer 17

Vitamin K, b5 and biotin

Question 18

3 functions of the stomach

Answer 18

Temporary storage

chemical and mechanical digestion

Question 19

Define chyme

Answer 19

Partially digested food mixed with acidic secretions of stomach

Question 20

what do G cells produce

and D cells release

Answer 20

G = Gastrin 
D = Somatostatin

Question 21

3 phases of gastric activity regulation

Answer 21

1. Cephalic
2. Gastric
3. Intestinal

Question 22

Function of endocrine cells of pancreatic islets

Answer 22

Secrete insulin and glucagon into bloodstream

Question 23

Function of exocrine cells

Answer 23

Secrete alkaline pancreatic juice into small intestine

Question 24

Function of pancreatic alpha

Answer 24

Breaks down starches

Question 25

Function of pancreatic lipase

Answer 25

Breaks down certain complex lipids

Question 26

Function of nucleases

Answer 26

Break down RNA or DNA

Question 27

Function of proteases and peptidases

Answer 27

``` proteases = break apart large protein complexes Peptidases = break small peptide chains into amino acids ```

Question 28

3 categories for the function of the liver

Answer 28

1. Metabolic regulation 2. Hematological regulation 3. Bile production

Question 29

Bile salts function

Answer 29

Break apart lipid droplets

Question 30

Define enterohepatic circulation

Answer 30

Cycling of bile salts between liver and small intestine