Week 9 - Respiratory System

Question 1

Define respiratory tract

Answer 1

Conducting portion, from nasal cavity to larger bronchioles

Question 2

Define pharynx

Answer 2

Chamber shared by digestive and respiratory systems

Extends between choanae and entrances to larynx and esophagus

Question 3

Function of the nose

Answer 3

Air enters through nostrils (nares), passes into nasal vestibule

Question 4

How is sound produced

Answer 4

• Air passing through glottis vibrates vocal folds

Question 5

Define phonation and articulation

Answer 5

Phonation - sound production with larynx

Articulation - sound modification with lips, tongue, teeth

Question 6

Define bronchodilation

Answer 6

• Caused by sympathetic activation

- Enlarges luminal diameter of airway

Question 7

Define bronchoconstriction

Answer 7

• Reduces luminal diameter of airway

- Cause by allergic reaction and parasympathetic system

Question 8

Define asthma

Answer 8

Excessive stimulation of smooth muscles

Question 9

Define pulmonary embolism

Answer 9

a blocked branch of pulmonary artery that stops blood to lobules or alveoli

Question 10

Two pleura layers?

Answer 10

1. Parietal pleura (lines inner surface of thoracic wall)

2. Visceral pleura (covers outer surface of lungs)

Question 11

Define hypoxia

Answer 11

low tissue oxygen levels

Question 12

Define anoxia

Answer 12

Complete lack of oxygen in tissues

Question 13

Define Pulmonary ventilation (breathing)

Answer 13

physical movement of air into and out of respiratory tract

Question 14

two primary respiratory muscles?

Answer 14

Diaphragm

External intercostals

Question 15

Muscle used in exhalation

Answer 15

Internal intercostals

Question 16

Define diaphragmatic and costal breathing

Answer 16

• Diaphragmatic breathing or deep breathing

- Costal breathing or shallow breathing

Question 17

Define elastic rebound

Answer 17

When muscles of inhalation relax

Question 18

Define hyperpnea

Answer 18

Forced breathing

Question 19

Define intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 19

Difference from atmospheric pressure determines airflow

Question 20

Define intrapleural pressure

Answer 20

Pressure in space between parietal and visceral pleurae

Question 21

Define pneumothorax

Answer 21

• Air enters pleural cavity

- Due to injury

Question 22

Define compliance

Answer 22

• A measure of expandability

- Lower compliance requires greater force to fill lungs

Question 23

Define respiratory rate

Answer 23

Number of breathes per minute

Question 24

Define tidal volume

Answer 24

Amount of air moved per breathe

Question 25

Define anatomic dead space

Answer 25

Volume of air remaining in conducting passages

Question 26

Define alveolar ventilation

Answer 26

- Amount of air reaching alveoli in each minute | - Calculated, respiratory rate x (tidal volume - anatomic dead space)

Question 27

Define residual volume

Answer 27

amount of oxygen left in lung after max exhalation

Question 28

Define partial pressure

Answer 28

Pressure contributed by a single gas in a mixture

Question 29

Define oxyhemoglobin

Answer 29

When O2 binds to iron ions in hemoglobin molecules

Question 30

Define hemoglobin saturation

Answer 30

Percentage of heme units containing bound oxygen at any given moment

Question 31

function of respiratory centers

Answer 31

Regulate frequency and depth of pulmonary ventilation

Question 32

Define apnea

Answer 32

period of suspended respiration

Question 33

Function of inflation and deflation reflexes

Answer 33

Inflation - Prevents overexpansion of lungs | Deflation reflex - inhibits expiratory centers