Week 2 - Nervous system

Question 1

CNS function

Answer 1

process and coordinate sensory info

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

Delivers sensory info to the CNS

carries out motor commands

Question 3

Function divisions of the PNS

Answer 3

Afferent
Efferent
Receptor
Effectors

Question 4

Function of the afferent division

Answer 4

Carries sensory info

Question 5

Function of the efferent division

Answer 5

Carries motor commands

Question 6

Divisions of the nervous system and their functions

Answer 6

Somatic (SNS)
- Controls muscle contractions
Autonomic (ANS)
- Controls subconscious actions, contractions
Enteric (ENS)

Question 7

Structural classifications of neurons

Answer 7

Anaxonic
Bipolar
Unipolar
multipolar

Question 8

Functional types of neurons

Answer 8

Sensory neurons
Monitor neurons
Interneurons

Question 9

4 types of CNS neuroglia cells

Answer 9

astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia

Question 10

Astrocyte cell function?

Answer 10

Maintain BBB

Repair damaged nervous tissue

Question 11

ependymal cell

Answer 11

Produce and monitor cerebrospinal fluid

Question 12

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

Form myelin sheaths

Question 13

2 types of PNS neuroglia cells

Answer 13

Satellite cells
- Surround ganglia
Schwann cells
- form myelin sheath

Question 14

Define graded potential

Answer 14

Temporary localised change in resting potential

Question 15

Define action potential

Answer 15

change in electrical potential

Question 16

Define chemical gradient

Answer 16

concentration gradient of ions

Question 17

Define electrochemical gradient

Answer 17

Sum of chemical and electrical forces acting on an ion

Question 18

Equilibrium potential

Answer 18

membrane potential at which there is no net movement of an ion across cell membrane

Question 19

Define Passive ion channels

Answer 19

leak channels, always open

Question 20

Define active ion channels

Answer 20

Gated ion channels, open and close in response to stimuli

Question 21

3 types of gated ion channels

Answer 21

Chemical gated
Voltage gated
- Respond to changes in membrane potential
Mechanically gated

Question 22

Define graded potential

Answer 22

Change in membrane potential

Question 23

Define repolarisation

Answer 23

When the stimulus is removed, membrane potential returns to normal

Question 24

Define hyperpolarisation

Answer 24

membrane potential becomes more negative

Question 25

Define all - or - none principle

Answer 25

any stimulus that changes the membrane potential to threshold

Question 26

Define refractory period

Answer 26

From begging of an action potential to return of resting state

Question 27

Define depolarisation

Answer 27

Electrical charge becomes more positive

Question 28

Define synapse

Answer 28

Specialised site where neuron communicates with another cell

Question 29

2 Classes of neurotransmitters

Answer 29

Excitatory | Inhibitory

Question 30

Define neuromodulators

Answer 30

Chemicals released by axon terminals that alter rate of neurotransmitter release

Question 31

Define postsynaptic potentials

Answer 31

Graded potentials developed in a postsynaptic cell in response to neurotransmitte