Week 10 - Exam revisions Flashcards
Paul’s L-data indicates high grades on tests at university, and his S-data shows very high levels of conscientiousness. Which type of validity can be assessed here?
a) face
b) internal consistency
c) predictive
d) discriminant
c.
predictive
Sam often acts irritable and is short with their work colleagues. Sam’s work colleagues are more likely to act less patient, and more irritable in return. Which aspect of the person-situation interaction is described here?
a) selection
b) evocation
c) manipulation
d) adaption
b.
evocation
Eysenck’s hierarchical model of personality orders personality into
a) super traits, narrow level traits, habits, and behaviours.
b) emotional stability, neuroticism, extraversion, and introversion.
c) lexicons, habits, descriptions, and super traits.
d) a taxonomy of personality traits that starts with observations.
a.
super traits, narrow level traits, habits, and behaviours.
The term “The Big Five” refers to
a) the five domains of knowledge in personality.
b) the five personality traits of extraversion, narcissism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and humility.
c) the five personality traits of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
d) the five core emotions of sadness, joy, disgust, anger, and fear.
c.
the five personality traits of openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
Most personality psychologists hypothesize that traits:
a) are perhaps enduring over time.
b) are reasonably unstable over time.
c) are inconsistent over situations.
d) are similar in all people.
a.
are perhaps enduring over time.
What factors have been hypothesised to influence someone’s score on the trait openness to experience?
a) opportunities to access different experiences
b) someone’s friends
c) having blonde hair
d) Freud’s concept of the id
a) opportunities to access different experiences
The interviewee giving short, undiagnostic answers, and the interviewer not prompting or cajoling the interviewee to elaborate is an example of which factor that can undermine interviewer ratings of personality?
a) Misjudgment by the interviewer
b) Inadequate information
c) Invalid interview questions
d) Bad interviewing
b) Inadequate information
The approach that uses natural language to identify important traits is the ___________ approach.
a) lexical
b) theoretical
c) statistical
d) act frequency
a) lexical
An Eysenck personality questionnaire item asks “Are your feelings easily hurt?”. This item likely assesses which super-trait?
a) Extraversion-introversion
b) Neuroticism-emotional stability
c) Psychoticism
d) Openness-intellect
b) Neuroticism-emotional stability
Eysenck’s hierarchical model of personality contains which three super traits?
a) Extraversion; Neuroticism; Agreeableness
b) Psychoticism; Neuroticism; Extraversion
c) Agreeableness; Openness to Experience; Conscientiousness
d) Humility; Surgency; Emotional Stability
b) Psychoticism; Neuroticism; Extraversion
Which of the Five Factor model personality traits is most positively correlated with higher likelihood to get tattoos and piercings?
a) extraversion
b) agreeableness
c) neuroticism
d) openness to experience
d) openness to experience
______________ reliability is the extent to which two or more people agree
a) inter-rater
b) internal
c) personal
d) alternate forms
a) inter-rater
The tendency to accept vague generalised statements as personalised, meaningful, and significant comments on their personality is a description of:
a) the Barnum effect.
b) paranoia.
c) low self-esteem.
d) a fluctuating self-concept.
a) the Barnum effect.
The extent to which scores of a personality inventory are able to accurately predict real world outcomes is a component of:
a) Face validity
b) Discriminant validity
c) Content validity
d) Criterion-related validity
d) Criterion-related validity
Which of the following three factors can undermine interviewer ratings of personality?
a) Bad questions; double-barrelled questions; long-winded questions
b) Invalid interview questions; unattractive interviewers; unformed interviewers
c) Bad questions; misjudgement by the interviewer, unkempt interviewer
d) Invalid interview questions; misjudgement by the interviewer; inadequate information
d) Invalid interview questions; misjudgement by the interviewer; inadequate information
The Barnum effect helps explain:
a) why people believe horoscopes
b) why people have low self-esteem
c) how physiological arousal affects salivation
d) how affect influences emotion
a) why people believe horoscopes
“Why did you make the decision to break up with your partner?” is an example of
a) a leading question or suggestive question.
b) a why question.
c) a hypothetical question.
d) a garbled question.
b) a why question.
Alex has low levels of agreeableness, and also has an allergy to shellfish. A researcher hypothesises that there is a correlation between agreeableness and shellfish allergies. What problem does this lead to?
a) moderation
b) third variable
c) mediation
d) variable manipulation
b) third variable
A person’s police record would be considered
a) S-data.
b) O-data.
c) T-data.
d) L-data.
d) L-data.
The approach that uses theory to identify important traits is the ___________ approach:
a) lexical
b) theoretical
c) statistical
d) act frequency
b) theoretical
Which of the following self-report measures is structured?
a) I enjoy going to social events; answer true or false
b) Do you enjoy going to social events?
c) Tell me about a time that you attended a social event and did not enjoy it
d) When was the last time that you attended a social event?
a) I enjoy going to social events; answer true or false
Of the five standards for evaluating personality theories ___________ is defined as ‘Makes precise predictions that can be empirically tested’.
a) comprehensiveness
b) heuristic value
c) testability
d) none of these
c) testability
“Since first class honours is essential to get into the Master of Psychology (Clinical) program, what other attributes do you think are also important for a good applicant?” is an example of
a) a forgone conclusion.
b) a complex question using jargon.
c) an assuming question.
d) a double-barrelled question.
c) an assuming question.
Naturalistic observations (O-data) have the advantage of being able to obtain information in a realistic context. What is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?
a) There are no disadvantages of naturalistic observation
b) Researchers are unable to control the events witnessed
c) Researchers are able to control the events witnessed
d) Untrained researchers can conduct natural observation as well as trained researchers can
b) Researchers are unable to control the events witnessed
