Week 10- Skeletal Muscle Movement & Anatomy Flashcards
(74 cards)
what are the 3 types of muscle?
1) cardiac
2) skeletal
3) smooth
is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary and where would it be located?
involuntary
located in heart
is smooth muscle voluntary or involutary and where would it be located?
involuntary
- intestines
- blood vessels
- bladder
- eye
- uterus etc.
is skeletal muscle voluntary or involuntary and where would they be located?
voluntary
- attached to bones
- produce body movements
- posture
- generates heat
different groups of what determine the type of movement produced?
1) muscles
2) bones
3) joints
what are the 4 major factors that determine the type of muscle produced?
1) orientaton of the muscle
2) action of other muscles
3) type of joint
4) muscle tension
what is the orientation of the muscle and how does it help determine the movement produced?
where muscle originates and inserts
(the origin and insertion)
- depending on which bone the muscle is attached to and where it inserts on determines the movement
ex: biceps
origin = scapula
insertion = radius
what is the action of other muscles and how does it determine the type of movement produced?
- when there’s more than 1 muscle attached to bone
when different muscles that insert on the same bone across the same joint contract at the same time, a completely different movement is produced than if one contracts and the other doesn’t
what does not work in isolation?
muscles
movements usually result from what?
several skeletal muscles acting as a group
(antagonistic pairs)
- prime move/ agonist vs. antagonist
how does the type of joint determing the type of movement produced?
movement also regulated by number and arrangement of ligaments across joints
the shorter the ligament, the shorter the movement
(not as flexible)
how does muce tension determine the type of movement produced?
how much a mucle is stretched determines how much movement is produced
- there is a limit to how much a muscle can be stretched
ex: touching your hands to toes, people with tighter hamstring muscles are more resricted than others.
what are the 7 common characteristics used to name muscles?
1) direction of muscle fibres
2) size of muscle
3) shape of muscle
4) number of origins
5) specific location of muscle
6) points of origin & insertion
7) action
what is an example of naming a muscle based on direction of muscle fibres?
rectus abdominus:
rectus = “erect” / straight
abdominus = abdomen
what is an example of naming a muscle based on the size?
lattissimus dorsi
lattissimus = wide
dorsi = on back
= wide muscle on back
what is an example of naming a muscle based on its shape?
deltoid:
shape = triangular
what is an example of naming a muscle based on the location?
gluteus maximus
gluteus = buttock (in greek)
maximus = largest
= big butt muscle
what is an example of naming a muscle based on the action?
adductor longus:
adductor = adducts leg (going towards midline)
longus = long muscle
= long muscle adducts leg
what is an exampe of naming a mucle based on number of origins?
biceps brachii:
biceps = 2 points of origin
brachii = arm (in latin)
= arm with 2 pointd of origin
what are the 16 basic types of movement?
1) flexion / extension
2) abduction / adduction
3) rotation
4) circumduction
5) elevation / depression
6) planter flexion / dorsiflexion
7) inversion / eversion
8) supination / pronation
9) protraction / retraction
what is abduction vs. adduction?
abduction = away from midline
adduction = towards midline
what is the difference of rotation and circumduction?
rotation = promixal and distal end of bone moves
circumduction = distal end of bone moves in circular motion
what is the difference of flexion and extension?
flexion: decrease in joint angle
extension: increase in joint angle
what is the difference of supination and pronation?
supination: palm of had moves upwards
pronation: palm of hand moves downwards
- can also be used to determine different parts of body being moved
