Week 11 Flashcards
Tongue Intrinsic, Lingual Consonants, & Palatography
What are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?
Genioglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
What extrinsic tongue muscles are above the tongue?
Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
What extrinsic tongue muscles are below the tongue?
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
What are the 4 main intrinsic tongue muscles?
Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse/transversus
Vertical/verticalis
Where is the superior longitudinal muscle located?
Immediately beneath the mucous membrane on the upper surface of the tongue
Runs along the length of the tongue
Muscle fibres run longitudinally from the root to the apex
What is the function of the superior longitudinal muscle?
When it contracts, shortens the tongue
Pulls the tip upward and backward, and makes the dorsal surface of the tongue convex
What sounds require the contraction of the superior longitudinal?
Retroflex
What is the location of the inferior longitudinal muscle?
Underside of the tongue
Runs along either side of the genioglossus, medial to the hyoglossus muscles
Runs parallel to the superior longitudinal but on the under surface
What is the basic function of the inferior longitudinal muscle?
Contracting pulling the tongue tip downward, gives the tongue a convex shape
What speech sounds require the contraction of the inferior longitudinal muscle?
[s]
Where is the transverses muscle located?
Originates at the lingual septum and inserts into the lingual margin
Muscle fibres run laterally (horizontally)
Below the superior longitudinal
What is the basic function of the transverse muscles?
Narrows the tongue from side-to-side, can elongate and vertically thicken the tongue
Helps in protrusion of the tongue
Pulls sides towards the septum (centre)
What speech sounds require the transverse muscle?
[i] tongue spreads
[u] tongue bunches
Where is the verticalis muscle located?
Perpendicular to the transverse, interwoven between the transverse fibres
More concentrated in the anterior part
Wider at the bottom than the top
What is the basic function of the vertical muscle?
Pulls the upper surface of the tongue downward
Contraction flattens and widens the tongue (somewhat opposite of the transverse)
True or false: you can activate the transverse and the vertical muscle at the same time
False, they are mutually exclusive
How does the degree of constriction vary across sounds?
Vocal tract is most open during vowels
Vocal tract is most closed in stop consonants
What does the degree of constriction help phoneticians distinguish between?
Vowels, approximants, fricatives, and stops based on how much the airflow is constricted
What is tongue bracing?
Contact made by the tongue with surfaces in the oral cavity
Supports articulation process
What is the key function of tongue bracing?
Forcing airflow through specific locations, maintaining stability and accuracy, and reducing the tongues degrees of freedom
How does tongue bracing help with stability and precision?
Bracing provides an anchor, enhancing the precision of sound production, especially in rapid or complex speech
How does tongue bracing help with efficient speech production?
Limits movement options, bracing simplifies control over the tongue
How does tongue bracing help with feedback for adjustment?
Offer crucial somatosensory feedback, aiding in the adjustment of tongue position and movement for accurate articulation
What is lateral bracing?
Sides of the tongue contacting the inner sides of the teeth or the upper lateral regions of the mouth
