Week 12

Question 1

What type of feedback can the lips and face provide?

Answer 1

Multimodal feedback
Visual and tactile feedback

Question 2

How is feedback useful for blind speakers?

Answer 2

Use reduced acoustic vowel contrasts, indicating visual feedback enhances vowel articulation

Question 3

How is feedback useful for sighted speakers?

Answer 3

Adjust speech using visual cues from interlocutors faces
Integrate what they see with what they produce

Question 4

What is the McGurk affect?

Answer 4

Provides evidence that the brain processes acoustic and visual information differently
Proves that language processing is multimodal

Question 5

What is Tadoma method?

Answer 5

Tactile feedback allows blind and deaf to perceive speech through direct contact with the speakers face and neck

Question 6

What is the orbicularis oris (OO) muscle?

Answer 6

Performs sphincter-like (ring) actions, central to lip movements
Composed of multiple fibre layers, from superficial to deep

Question 7

Where is the superficial layer of the orbicularis oris (OO)?

Answer 7

Located just under the skin

Question 8

What is the function of the superficial orbicularis oris (OO)?

Answer 8

Enables fine-tuned lip shaping and nuanced facial expressions
Works with rigorous and zygomaticus

Question 9

Where is the deep layer of the orbicularis oris (OO)?

Answer 9

Located near bone and connective tissue

Question 10

What is the function of the deep orbicularis oris (OO)?

Answer 10

Provides strength for tight lip seal, gripping, and pressure generation
Used in bilabial sounds
*Think: deeP, [p]=bilabial duh lip seal + pressure

Question 11

Where is the marginal part of the orbicularis oris (OOm)?

Answer 11

Inner zone, closest to the mouth

Question 12

What is the function of the marginal orbicularis oris (OOm)?

Answer 12

Produces rounded, unprotruded lips

Question 13

What types of sounds are produced with the marginal orbicularis oris (OOm)?

Answer 13

Rounded front vowels like [y]

Question 14

Where is the peripheral part of the orbicularis oris (OOp)?

Answer 14

Outer zone, farther from the centre
*Think: peripheral = far away

Question 15

What is the function of the peripheral orbicularis oris (OOp)?

Answer 15

Produces lip protrusion
*Think: Peripheral Protrusion, PPPP both start P

Question 16

What types of sounds are produced with the peripheral orbicularis oris (OOp)?

Answer 16

Back rounded vowels like [u] and [o]

Question 17

Do the peripheral and marginal OO activate independently?

Answer 17

No, they always activate together, one leads, one supports

Question 18

What does the orbicularis oris superior (OOs) control?

Answer 18

Upper lip movement

Question 19

What does orbicularis oris superior (OOs) contribute to?

Answer 19

Labial closure and expressions like smiling

Question 20

What does the orbicularis oris inferior (OOi) control?

Answer 20

Lower lip movement

Question 21

What sound is the orbicularis oris inferior (OOi) active in?

Answer 21

Labiodental sounds like [f] and [v]

Question 22

Can the orbicularis oris inferior work independently from other OOs?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

What is the function of the buccinator muscle?

Answer 23

Spreads lips, stiffens cheeks
Essential for chewing, sucking, and keeping food in place during mastication
Works with the OO to shape and tense lips

Question 24

Where is the buccinator muscle located?

Answer 24

Inner cheek wall, extending from the pterygomanibular raphe to the mouth corners

Question 25

What is the function of the risorius?

Answer 25

Known as the laugh muscles Contracts to draw sides of the mouth back, producing a spread lip shape or fake smile *Think: Are you serious… Risorius (get it like haha… fake smile)

Question 26

Where is the risorius muscle located?

Answer 26

Runs from the masseter muscle to the skin at the corners of the mouth

Question 27

What is the function of the mentalis muscle?

Answer 27

Sometimes referred to as the pouting muscle Pulls the chin up towards the lower lip, aiding in pouting or strengthening upward movements of the lower chin *Think: ugh menty b pout

Question 28

Where does the mentalis muscle originate and insert?

Answer 28

Origin: front of the mandible Insertion: skin of the chin

Question 29

What is the function of the levator labii superioris muscle?

Answer 29

Raises the upper lip

Question 30

Where is the origin and insertion of the levator labii superioris?

Answer 30

Origin: Lower orbit of the eyes to the zygomatic arch Insertion: Upper lip Broad sheet of muscle

Question 31

What is the function of the zygomaticus major?

Answer 31

Sincere smile Raises corners of the mouth *Think: Ziggy makes me smile major

Question 32

What is the function of the zygomaticus minor?

Answer 32

Aids in opening the upper lip

Question 33

Where is the origin and insertion of the zygomaticus muscles?

Answer 33

Origin: Zygomatic arch Insertion: corners of the mouth

Question 34

What is the function of the depressor anguli oris muscle?

Answer 34

Aids in frowning or pulling the upper lip downward

Question 35

Where is the origin and insertion of the depressor anguli oris muscle?

Answer 35

Origin: lower edge of the mandible Insertion: angles or sides of the mouth

Question 36

What is the function of the depressor labii inferioris muscle?

Answer 36

Lowering and spreading the lower lip *Think: duh inferioris = lower lip

Question 37

Where is the origin and insertion of the depressor labii inferioris muscle?

Answer 37

Origin: lower edge of the mandible Insertion: Skin of the lower lip

Question 38

What effect does botox have?

Answer 38

Inject the muscle to numb/deactivate it and prevent muscle contraction

Question 39

What are the three lip postures for labial sounds?

Answer 39

Bilabials Labiodental Rounded

Question 40

What is the posture for bilabials?

Answer 40

Lips come together and spread relatively wider Forms a tight seal which allows increased air pressure to build up

Question 41

What is the posture for labiodentals?

Answer 41

Lower lip is slightly retracted and raised to touch the upper teeth Creates semi closure useful in producing fricatives

Question 42

What is the rounded posture?

Answer 42

Lips form a protruded O Lip rounding extends the vocal tract and lowers its resonance

Question 43

What is overshoot?

Answer 43

When the movement or force applied during speech production goes beyond what is necessary to form a particular sound

Question 44

What is a benefit of overshoot?

Answer 44

Ensures reliability of sound production without requiring extremely precise muscular control

Question 45

What is overshoot in labial stops?

Answer 45

Lips press together more firmly Results in more explosive sound

Question 46

What is overshoot in labiodental fricatives?

Answer 46

Lip to teeth contact is close enough to create turbulence Gaps in teeth don't allow complete blockage of airflow

Question 47

What is an electromagnetic articulometer (EMA)?

Answer 47

Device used to track and record the movements of speech articulators in real time Uses sensors and magnetic fields

Question 48

Where are sensors used for EMA?

Answer 48

Small sensors are attached to various speech articulators

Question 49

What is the role of magnetic field generation in EMA?

Answer 49

Series of magnetic transmitters create dynamic field around the speakers head

Question 50

How does motion tracking work in EMA?

Answer 50

Sensors detect changes in their position relative to the magnetic field, tracking movements of the articulators

Question 51

What type of data is collected from EMA?

Answer 51

Continuous real-time data is collected Can be visualized for analysis

Question 52

What type of temporal resolution does EMA collect?

Answer 52

High temporal resolution that captures rapid movements of articulators during speech ~ every 10ms

Question 53

Is EMA invasive?

Answer 53

Non-invasive Do not effect natural speech production

Question 54

What are some applications of EMA?

Answer 54

Speech science research: speech production and speech disorders Linguistics: physical processes behind phenomena Speech therapy: Diagnosing speech disorders and provides feedback Technology development