Week 11 Lecture

Question 1

What are some ways to assess health?

Answer 1

-self report
-screening
-GP
no method is 100% accurate

Question 2

How often should women do breast cancer screening over 40?

Answer 2

2 a year

Question 3

What is one example of health disparity between groups?

Answer 3

You can’t ask someone if they’re eating a balanced diet if they don’t even have access to clean water

Question 4

What are some contextual factors in health inequality?

Answer 4

• gender
• social class
• race and ethnicity
• education
• income
• wealth
• geographical region

Question 5

What happened in the Flint water crisis in Michigan?

Answer 5

City tried to save money by switching to river water. Water turned brown, and was found to have high levels of lead. There will be health repercussions.

Question 6

In the US, where is the greatest heart disease prevalance?

Answer 6

East/South. Southern parts are poorer.

Question 7

Geographically in the US, where are diabetes most prevalent?

Answer 7

South/East. (Southern parts are poorer)

Question 8

In infants, what plays a key role in health and its relationship to being breastfed?

Answer 8

The more disadvantaged infants are less likely to be breastfed, leading to poorer health outcomes.

Question 9

What is one health inequality in adolescents and smoking?

Answer 9

15-24 year olds are more likely to regularly smoke if from a disadvantaged group.

Question 10

anti smoking campaigns tend to work better for who?

Answer 10

female adolescents from the least disadvantaged group

Question 11

For 25-64 year old, anti smoking campaigns tends to impact males and females how?

Answer 11

Reduction of smokers for those who are less disadvantaged. Same for females, but lesser.

Question 12

For both males and females aged 65 years and over, what happens with obesity?

Answer 12

There is an increase in those diagnosed as obese, more likely for those who are disadvantaged.

Question 13

what was happiness associated with?

Answer 13

wealth status, not due to ageing.

Question 14

What happens as we age in subjective wellbeing if you live in a poorer country?

Answer 14

Declines

Question 15

What happens as we age in subjective wellbeing if you live in a richer country?

Answer 15

remains the same or even improves a little bit

Question 16

What did Wilkinson quote in 1996 about health?

Answer 16

“among developed countries it’s not the richest societies which have the best health, but those which have the smallest income differences between rich and poor”

Question 17

Healthy, egalitarian societies are more what? (Wilkinson 1996)

Answer 17

socially cohesive. Stronger community and less in equality.

Question 18

Inequality weakens the

Answer 18

social fabric, damages health and increases crime rates.

Question 19

What are direct influences on heatlh?

Answer 19

under our control

Question 20

What are indirect influences on health?

Answer 20

things not under our control

Question 21

What are some gender differences in health? (4)

Answer 21

1. women die of same diseases as men
2. women have more chronic illnesses at midlife
3. men are more likely to have life threatening illnesses
4. women have higher rates of depression

Question 22

What are the affects of poor and working classes on health in the UK?

Answer 22

• chronic illness at earlier age
• poor nutrition
• poorer healthcare access
• housing

Question 23

Those who are better educated in the UK lead to what outcomes?

Answer 23

• better healthcare
• better diets
• less likely to smoke

Question 24

Do tobacco increased taxes have any affect on those who can afford it least in Britain?

Answer 24

no- instead, it adds to Britain’s hardship.

Question 25

Did better off people in Britain give up smoking after increased tobacco taxes?

Answer 25

yes

Question 26

3 out of 4 families on income support do what?

Answer 26

smoke, and spend a seventh of their income on cigarettes

Question 27

Which groups have higher mortality rates than other racial groups?

Answer 27

African Americans

Question 28

Young African Americans are more many times more likely to have high blood pressure than European Americans?

Answer 28

20 times more likely

Question 29

Young African Americans are how many time more likely than young European Americans to die?

Answer 29

2 times more likely

Question 30

How many more times likely are young African Americans to be victims of homicide?

Answer 30

7 times

Question 31

What are health problems among hispanic, latino Americans are related to?

Answer 31

• poverty
• low education
• cultural difference
• lack of health insurance

Question 32

What percentage of Australian’s population were born overseas?

Answer 32

29.7% increasing steadily

Question 33

Of the Australian immigrants, where are they mostly from?

Answer 33

England, then China and so on

Question 34

How does Whitfield define socioeconomic status?

Answer 34

“in a system of social stratification that differentially allocated the major resources enabling people to achieve health and other desired goals”

Question 35

What is lower income associated wtih?

Answer 35

• higher rates or morbidity
• physical impairment
• disability
• mortality
• negative health behaviours

Question 36

What does cumulative disadvantages refer to?

Answer 36

a poorer childhood is likely to have negative flow on effects later on

Question 37

What is the weathering hypothesis?

Answer 37

cumulative effects of social adversity cause health problems at a younger age and earlier mortality

Question 38

If you are stressed are you more likely to become ill?

Answer 38

yes

Question 39

What are some causes of stress for older adults?

Answer 39

• death of a spouse
• finance
• moving house
• retirement

Question 40

During the day, do cortisol levels tend to increase or decline?

Answer 40

Declines during the day.

Question 41

For people with long term depressive symptoms, when they’re 80, what does the cortisol line look like during the day for them?

Answer 41

Flatter than the average person

Question 42

In the ted talk “how racism makes us sick”, what was the main message?

Answer 42

Even subtle racism can affect the health and mortality of black people, no matter how ‘successful’ they are.