Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Health and Psychological Well-being > Week 5 Lecture > Flashcards

Week 5 Lecture Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the lay definition of stress?

A 
I feel (strong emotion)
I think (negative thought)
I am (negative behaviour change)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is generalised adaptation syndrome?

A

Unspecific reaction of the body to stressors in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 phases that were realised through the generalised adaptation syndrome?

A
  1. alarm reaction
  2. resistance phase
  3. exhaustion phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

According to Selye’s general adaptation syndrome, what happens if we remain in the resistance phase?

A

We enter the exhaustion phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the alarm reaction according to the generalised adaptation syndrome?

A

Causes downturn in bodily defences and blood pressure, heart falls then rises

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Outline the stage of resistance according to the generalised adaptation syndrome.

A

body tried to adapt to stressor, body tries to maintain arousal level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the stage of exhaustion according to the generalised adaptation syndrome

A

Exhaustion if resistance lasts too long

may results in cardiovascular disease, arthritis, asthma is proposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is acute stress?

A

short lived stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is chronic stress?

A

long lived stress,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some factors which affect chronic stress? (5)

A
  1. demand
  2. controllability
  3. predictability
  4. ambiguity
  5. lack of support
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some things which chronic long term stress has been linked to? (6)

A
  1. cardiovascular disease,
  2. diabetes
  3. certain cancers
  4. autoimmune disease
  5. general frailty
  6. mortality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What have pro inflammatory responses of stress been linked to? (3)

A
  1. troubled relationships
  2. negative of competitive social interactions
  3. feeling lonely
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What was stress understood as in earlier times?

A

As a stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What did Holmes and Rahe develop?

A

The social readjustment rating scale. Made a list which would evoke a certain amount of stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some aspects which the Holmes and Rahe social readjustment rating scale ignore?

A

Personality, environment, support networks, life experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who developed the transactional theory of stress and coping?

A

Firstly, Lazarus, but then developed by Lazarus and Folkman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the transactional theory of stress and coping model describe stress as?

A

a product of a transaction between a person and his/her coping (a psychological appraisal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Folkman and Lazarus describe coping in terms of what two aspects?

A

Thoughts and actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many times is Lazarus and Folkmans stress , appraisal and coping cited?

A

Over 63,244 times. Incredibly pivotal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the four stages of the transactional mode?

A
  1. stressor
  2. Primary appraisal
  3. secondary appraisal
  4. coping response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is primary appraisal?

A

Person decided if a stress is neutral, stressful or irrelevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is secondary appraisal

A

Person evaluates options and decides how to respond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which appraisal do we decide on whether we have the internal/external resources to cope with a stressor?

A

Secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

If a primary appraisal is seen as a harm/loss, which emotion did Lazarus and Folkman often associate to this?

A

sadness, depression, despair, hopelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
If a primary appraisal is seen as a threat, which emotion did Lazarus and Folkman often associate to this?
anxiety, fear, anger, jealousy
26
If a primary appraisal is seen as a challenge, which emotion did Lazarus and Folkman often associate to this?
worry, hope, confidence
27
What are some factors which influence appraisal that Folkman and Lazarus found?
1. timing 2. unexpected 3. unpredictable 4. ambiguous 5. risk 6. undesirable 7. lack of control 8. life changing
28
What is the self-regulation model interested in, the same as the transactional model?
Cognitions
29
What is coping?
The process of managing demands that are appraised as taxing/exceeding the person's resources
30
What are the two strongest predictors of psychological adjustment and quality of life?
coping and social support
31
Is coping simply anything a person does to reduce the impact of a perceived or actual stressor?
Yes
32
What are 3 outcomes of coping in regard to the Folkman and Lazarus model?
1. short term physiological change 2. emotions , social functioning, physical 3. health and illness
33
What did Cohen and Lazarus have as 5 coping tasks?
1. reducing harmful conditions 2. tolerating/adjusting to negative events 3. having a good self image 4. having emotional equilibrium and decreasing emotional stress 5. maintaining good relationships
34
The transactional model of coping proposed what two classes of coping?
problem focused and emotion focused coping
35
What is problem focused coping?
efforts to change the nature of aspects of a problem or situation
36
What is emotion focused coping
aims to regular emotions experienced because of the stressful event
37
What is approach oriented-avoidance oriented coping proposed by Suls and Fletcher?
Whether coping moves toward or away from the stressor
38
What is active versus passive ways of coping?
Moving toward to stressor, or avoiding/ignoring the stressor
39
What is a coping style example?
monitering or blunters (seek out information or avoid) it is how we approach a problem
40
What are coping strategies?
A situation specific coping response which reflects the context, stressor and personality
41
Is coping concerned with the effectiveness of a coping mechanism?
No, it is either coping or isn't
42
Is there one right way to cope?
No, better to have a broad coping repertoire
43
Why is coping self-regulation an important skill?
Being able to reflect/adjust coping attempts is important
44
What are some maladaptive coping responses?
persistent avoidant, passive, helpless coping
45
Active coping is associated to what?
good adjustment
46
When is adaptive coping more effective?
When the control is more amendable to change (level of control)
47
How does the WHO define mental health?
physical, mental and social wellbeing
48
What are some positive responses to illness?
benefit finding, growth, appreciation with life, satisfaction
49
What are 5 factors which moderate stress?
1. coping behaviour 2. personality 3. individual cognition 4. emotion 5. social support
50
Is there some evidence that there is an association between personality and health and illness?
yes, both directly and indirectly
51
What is neuroticism related to in terms of health?
Increased attention to internal states and increased somatic complaints, may underpin stress-health associations
52
What is hardiness related to in terms of health?
experience rich childhoods, control and challenge, thought to 'buffer' the experience of stress
53
What is optimism related to in terms of health?
coping, reduced symptom reporting, reduced negative mood or depression, increased well being
54
What does coping with stress from an optimist look like?
promotes active and persistent coping efforts, uses their resources effectively
55
What is social support?
The presence of others in whom one can confide and from whom one can expect help and concern
56
What are the three main types of social support?
1. informational 2. instrumental 3. emotional
57
What is informational coping?
informs knowledge and coping
58
What is instrumental coping?
practical help or assistance
59
What is emotional coping
listened to, validated and cared for
60
What are the emotions that emotional support is associated wtith?
empathy, caring, concern
61
How does emotional support make one feel
reassured, comfortable and like they belong
62
What are the effects of instrumental support?
reducing strain or worry
63
What are the effects of network support?
Welcoming shared experiences
64
What are some aspects of social support? (3)
- availability - network size - satisfaction with support (how we perceive this is influential)
65
What does satisfaction with social support predict?
adaptive coping and better psychological adjustment
66
What is the direct effect social support?
That social support is always beneficial, and makes people less susceptible to the effect os stress initially
67
What is the buffering hypothesis?
the benefits of social support are mainly evidence in high stress situations
68
What are the physiological responses of social support?
reduces depression and anxiety
69
What is a response to lack of stress?
Adds another stressor
70
What are three results of social support?
1. lowers likelihood of illness 2. speed illness recovery 3. reduces risk of death
71
What are 2 outcomes of high quality relationships?
1. lower mortality | 2. adherence to medical treatments
72
Why might social support adversely affect health?
if a peer group engages in health-compromising behaviours
73
The people who need social support more often are the least able to seek that skill. What are 3 examples of these people?
1. shy and introverted 2. depressed or anxious 3. mistrustful
74
Were interpersonal coping processes addressed in Lazarus and Folkmans model?
no
75
What is dyadic coping?
mutual influences on coping processes in close relationships
76
What did George Burns quote happiness as?
Happiness is having a large, loving and caring close-knit family in another city

Health and Psychological Well-being (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions