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HS 3702: The Aging Mind > Week 12: Pathology > Flashcards

Week 12: Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

T or F: a large proportion of older adults are happy

A

TRUE

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2
Q

_____ of mental disorder are the same between young and older, but _____ of mental disorders differ

A

proportion, types

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3
Q

T or F: depression is a normal part of aging

A

FALSE

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4
Q

3 types of depression symptoms

A
  1. affective
  2. somatic
  3. cognitive
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5
Q

diathesis

A
  • vulnerability to stress
  • biological predisposition
  • differs for everyone
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6
Q

diathesis-stress model

A

high diathesis + extreme stress = severe disorder
high diathesis + moderate stress = mild disorder
low diathesis + extreme stress = mild disorder
low diathesis + moderate stress = no disorder

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7
Q

vascular-depression-dementia hypothesis

A

association between depression and dementia

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8
Q

dementia can attack the _____ between brain cells, causing them to die and the brain to _____

A

connections, shrink

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9
Q

dementia

A
  • global cognitive decline occurring in older adulthood

- umbrella term used to describe a range of symptoms associated with cognitive impairment

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10
Q

more than __% of institutionalized older adults have some form of dementia

A

50

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11
Q

dementia results in:

A
  • deficits in memory, language, orientation, abstract thinking and reasoning, decision making, and problem solving
  • can severely affect ADLs and IADLs
  • personality changes and emotional responsiveness changes
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12
Q

T or F: consciousness begins to deteriorate at the start of the disorder in patients with dementia

A

FALSE

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13
Q

6 types of dementia

A
  1. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
  2. vascular dementia (VaD)
  3. dementia with Lewy Bodies
  4. frontotemporal dementia
  5. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  6. young-onset dementia
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14
Q

what are the 4 most common types of dementia and what percentage of cases do they each account for?

A
  1. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) - 50% of cases
  2. vascular dementia (VaD) - 20% of cases
  3. Lewy Body dementia - 10-15% of cases
  4. frontotemporal dementia - 10% of cases
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15
Q

the onset of Alzheimer’s disease is…

A

insidious (subtle, gradual, cumulative)

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16
Q

gradual progression vs effects in late stages of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • gradual = language, problem solving, decision making

- late = extreme confusion and disorientation, severe agitation, delusions, hallucinations, paranoia

17
Q

what is the most common symptom of Alzheimer’s disease that gets family concerned?

A

patient getting lost in an ordinary location

18
Q

patients with AD can live up to __ years post-diagnosis

A

10

19
Q

diagnosis of AD and Lewy Body dementia is only certain during _____

A

autopsy (when you pass away)

20
Q

risk factors of AD

A
  • being a woman
  • being African American or Hispanic
  • genetics?
21
Q

preventions of AD

A
  • education
  • physical activity
  • nutritious diet
22
Q

what types of disorders is vascular dementia (VaD) associated with?

A

disorders of the cerebrovascular system

ex. blockage of cerebral blood vessels that can lead to focal destruction of brain tissue

23
Q

risk factors of VaD

A
  • being male
  • hypertension/heart disease
  • diabetes
  • hyperlipidemia
  • smoking
24
Q

only 50% of diagnosed VaD individuals survive longer than __ years

A

3

25
Q

Lewy Body dementia results in…

A

abnormal microscopic protein deposits found inside nerve cells

26
Q

Lewy Body dementia can disrupt _____ AND _____ functioning

*hint: this is what’s different between Lewy Body and Alzheimer’s

A

cognitive, motor

27
Q

symptoms of frontotemporal dementia start to occur between ages __-__

A

45-65 (earlier on)

28
Q

major atrophy in _____ and _____ lobes in frontotemporal dementia

A

frontal, temporal

29
Q

what is the cause of frontotemporal dementia?

A

unknown

30
Q

symptoms of frontotemporal dementia

A
  • behaviours/personality changes

- impulsiveness, apathy, socially inappropriate behaviour

31
Q

frontotemporal does NOT usually affect _____, most issues are with _____
*hint: differs from AD and VaD

A

memory, executive functioning

32
Q

what is the ultimate goal of research on dementia?

A

create disease modifying treatment to stop progression

33
Q

3 progressions due to research on dementia

A
  1. changes in brain start happening 10-15 years before symptoms are experienced (brain compensates)
  2. can use a tracer to look at amyloid in the brain in clinical trials (rather than waiting for autopsy)
  3. diversifying the target
34
Q

TB: what additional concerns/knowledge should therapists have when working with older adults?

A
  • overall life course
  • culture
  • comorbidities
  • family health history
  • support systems (or lack thereof)
  • financial health
  • legal aspects

HS 3702: The Aging Mind (12 decks)

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