Week 12 - Special senses Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
- The sense of vision is also called: a. Olfaction b. Gustation c. Audition d. Sight
A
d. Sight
2
Q
- The white part of the eye is known as the: a. Cornea b. Retina c. Sclera d. Pupil
A
c. Sclera
3
Q
- The transparent layer at the front of the eye that helps to focus light is the: a. Retina b. Lens c. Iris d. Cornea
A
d. Cornea
4
Q
- The coloured part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil is the: a. Lens b. Iris c. Retina d. Cornea
A
b. Iris
5
Q
- The opening in the centre of the iris that allows light to enter the eye is the: a. Pupil b. Sclera c. Lens d. Fovea
A
a. Pupil
6
Q
- The structure responsible for focusing light onto the retina is the: a. Cornea b. Pupil c. Lens d. Sclera
A
c. Lens
7
Q
- The part of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells is the: a. Iris b. Retina c. Sclera d. Lens
A
b. Retina
8
Q
- Rod cells are responsible for: a. Colour vision b. Low-light vision c. Sharp, detailed vision d. None of the above
A
b. Low-light vision
9
Q
- Cone cells are responsible for: a. Low-light vision b. Black-and-white vision c. Colour vision d. Peripheral vision
A
c. Colour vision
10
Q
- The area of the retina with the highest concentration of cones is the: a. Optic disc b. Fovea centralis c. Macula lutea d. Sclera
A
b. Fovea centralis
11
Q
- The blind spot of the eye is located at the: a. Fovea centralis b. Optic disc c. Sclera d. Retina
A
b. Optic disc
12
Q
- Which structure connects the eye to the brain? a. Optic nerve b. Olfactory nerve c. Cochlear nerve d. Vestibular nerve
A
a. Optic nerve
13
Q
- The vitreous humour is found in which part of the eye? a. Anterior chamber b. Posterior segment c. Vitreous chamber d. Aqueous chamber
A
b. Posterior segment
14
Q
- The aqueous humour is produced by the: a. Ciliary body b. Ciliary processes c. Iris d. Sclera
A
b. Ciliary processes
15
Q
- Which structure helps maintain intraocular pressure in the eye? a. Cornea b. Aqueous humour c. Optic nerve d. Lens
A
b. Aqueous humour
16
Q
- The process of adjusting the shape of the lens for focusing is called: a. Refraction b. Accommodation c. Constriction d. Convergence
A
b. Accommodation
17
Q
- The point where the optic nerves cross is called the: a. Optic disc b. Fovea centralis c. Optic chiasm d. Macula lutea
A
c. Optic chiasm
18
Q
- Which photoreceptors are more sensitive to dim light? a. Rods b. Cones c. Bipolar cells d. Ganglion cells
A
a. Rods
19
Q
- What type of lens is used to correct myopia (nearsightedness)? a. Convex lens b. Concave lens c. Cylindrical lens d. Spherical lens
A
b. Concave lens
20
Q
- Which part of the brain processes visual information? a. Occipital lobe b. Parietal lobe c. Temporal lobe d. Frontal lobe
A
a. Occipital lobe
21
Q
- Which condition results from increased intraocular pressure? a. Cataract b. Glaucoma c. Macular degeneration d. Astigmatism
A
b. Glaucoma
22
Q
- The photoreceptors responsible for colour vision are: a. Rods b. Cones c. Ganglion cells d. Bipolar cells
A
b. Cones
23
Q
- The adjustable structure behind the pupil that focuses light is the: a. Iris b. Retina c. Lens d. Cornea
A
c. Lens
24
Q
- The condition in which the cornea is irregularly shaped, leading to distorted vision, is called: a. Astigmatism b. Myopia c. Hyperopia d. Glaucoma
A
a. Astigmatism
25
25. Which cells in the retina detect black, white, and shades of grey? a. Rod cells b. Cone cells c. Bipolar cells d. Horizontal cells
a. Rod cells
26
26. The fovea centralis is important for: a. Peripheral vision b. Colour vision c. Night vision d. Blurred vision
b. Colour vision
27
27. Hyperopia, or farsightedness, occurs when: a. The eyeball is too long b. The eyeball is too short c. The cornea is misshapen d. There is pressure in the eye
b. The eyeball is too short
28
28. Colour blindness is caused by a deficiency in which type of photoreceptor? a. Rods b. Cones c. Bipolar cells d. Ganglion cells
b. Cones
29
29. What is the main function of the optic nerve? a. To interpret visual signals b. To focus light on the retina c. To transmit visual information to the brain d. To regulate the amount of light entering the eye
c. To transmit visual information to the brain
30
30. When the eye focuses on a close object, the lens becomes: a. Thinner b. Thicker c. Longer d. Shorter
b. Thicker
31
31. Presbyopia is a condition associated with: a. Ageing b. Injury c. Infection d. Congenital defects
a. Ageing
32
32. The condition in which the lens becomes cloudy and affects vision is called: a. Glaucoma b. Cataract c. Myopia d. Astigmatism
b. Cataract
33
33. The small central pit in the retina responsible for high-acuity vision is the: a. Optic disc b. Fovea centralis c. Sclera d. Cornea
b. Fovea centralis
34
34. What part of the eye adjusts to control the amount of light entering? a. Iris b. Retina c. Lens d. Sclera
a. Iris
35
35. Which part of the eye is transparent and allows light to pass through while maintaining its shape? a. Sclera b. Cornea c. Retina d. Lens
b. Cornea
36
36. Which part of the retina is responsible for the sharpest vision? a. Macula b. Optic disc c. Rod cells d. Sclera
a. Macula
37
37. Which fluid fills the anterior chamber of the eye? a. Vitreous humour b. Endolymph c. Aqueous humour d. Perilymph
c. Aqueous humour
38
38. The ciliary muscles control: a. Pupil size b. Lens shape c. Cornea transparency d. Retina health
b. Lens shape
39
39. What structure connects the lens to the ciliary body? a. Suspensory ligaments b. Sclera c. Retina d. Optic nerve
a. Suspensory ligaments
40
40. In the visual pathway, where does the optic tract lead? a. Thalamus b. Occipital lobe c. Temporal lobe d. Midbrain
a. Thalamus
41
41. The sense of smell is also known as: a. Gustation b. Olfaction c. Audition d. Proprioception
b. Olfaction
42
42. The olfactory epithelium is located in which part of the nasal cavity? a. Inferior b. Lateral c. Medial d. Superior
d. Superior
43
43. Olfactory receptor cells are: a. Unipolar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Multipolar neurons d. Neuroglia
b. Bipolar neurons
44
44. The olfactory nerve (Cranial Nerve I) transmits information directly to which brain structure? a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus c. Olfactory cortex d. Brainstem
c. Olfactory cortex
45
45. The bone structure that allows olfactory nerve fibers to pass through from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb is the: a. Nasal bone b. Cribriform plate c. Maxilla d. Vomer
b. Cribriform plate
| Of the ethmoid bone
46
46. The olfactory tract carries sensory information to the: a. Primary olfactory cortex b. Gustatory cortex c. Occipital lobe d. Cerebellum
a. Primary olfactory cortex
47
47. The sense of smell can influence which other sense? a. Taste b. Hearing c. Vision d. Balance
a. Taste
48
48. The olfactory pathway bypasses which brain structure typically involved in sensory processing? a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus c. Pons d. Medulla oblongata
a. Thalamus
49
49. What type of receptors are olfactory receptors? a. Mechanoreceptors b. Photoreceptors c. Chemoreceptors d. Thermoreceptors
c. Chemoreceptors
50
50. How often are olfactory receptor neurons replaced? a. Every 1-2 days b. Every 1-2 weeks c. Every 1-2 months d. Never
c. Every 1-2 months
51
51. The process by which we detect smells is initiated when odour molecules: a. Dissolve in mucus and bind to receptors b. Are absorbed directly into the bloodstream c. Enter the lungs d. Activate the taste buds
a. Dissolve in mucus and bind to receptors
52
52. The limbic system, which is involved in emotional responses, is linked to the sense of: a. Sight b. Hearing c. Smell d. Balance
c. Smell
53
53. The condition in which the sense of smell is lost is called: a. Anosmia b. Hyposmia c. Dysosmia d. Ageusia
a. Anosmia
54
54. Which brain structure processes emotional and memory-related aspects of smell? a. Thalamus b. Amygdala c. Cerebellum d. Pons
b. Amygdala
55
55. The primary auditory cortex is located in which lobe of the brain? a. Frontal lobe b. Temporal lobe c. Parietal lobe d. Occipital lobe
b. Temporal lobe
56
56. The external part of the ear that helps collect sound waves is called the: a. Tympanic membrane b. Auricle (pinna) c. Cochlea d. Eustachian tube
b. Auricle (pinna)
57
57. The three small bones in the middle ear are called the: a. Ossicles b. Semicircular canals c. Auditory nerves d. Vestibules
a. Ossicles
| Malleus, Incus and Stapes
58
58. The ossicle that directly contacts the tympanic membrane is the: a. Stapes b. Malleus c. Incus d. Cochlea
b. Malleus
59
59. The spiral-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for detecting sound vibrations is the: a. Cochlea b. Semicircular canal c. Vestibule d. Tympanic membrane
a. Cochlea
60
60. Which structure in the cochlea contains hair cells that transduce sound vibrations into nerve impulses? a. Organ of Corti b. Scala vestibuli c. Vestibule d. Tympanic membrane
a. Organ of Corti
61
61. What is the name of the tube that helps equalise pressure in the middle ear? a. Pharyngotympanic tube b. Auditory canal c. Cochlear duct d. Round window
a. Pharyngotympanic tube
| AKA Eustachian tube / auditory tube
62
62. The sense of balance is also known as: a. Audition b. Olfaction c. Gustation d. Equilibrium
d. Equilibrium
63
63. Which structures in the inner ear are primarily responsible for maintaining balance? a. Ossicles b. Semicircular canals c. Cochlea d. Organ of Corti
b. Semicircular canals
64
64. The sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the: a. Cochlea b. Semicircular canals c. Tympanic membrane d. Auricle
b. Semicircular canals
65
65. Which part of the vestibular system detects linear acceleration? a. Utricle and saccule b. Semicircular canals c. Cochlea d. Ossicles
a. Utricle and saccule
66
66. In the auditory pathway, the cochlear nerve transmits signals to the: a. Cerebellum b. Occipital lobe c. Medulla oblongata d. Primary auditory cortex
d. Primary auditory cortex
67
1. Which cranial nerve is responsible for hearing? a. Optic nerve b. Facial nerve c. Vestibulocochlear nerve d. Trigeminal nerve
c. Vestibulocochlear nerve
68
2. The structure that separates the outer ear from the middle ear is the: a. Eustachian tube b. Tympanic membrane c. Cochlea d. Semicircular canals
b. Tympanic membrane
69
3. Which part of the ear amplifies sound vibrations? a. Outer ear b. Cochlea c. Middle ear d. Auditory nerve
c. Middle ear
70
4. The hair cells responsible for detecting sound are located in the: a. Semicircular canals b. Organ of Corti c. Tympanic membrane d. Eustachian tube
b. Organ of Corti
71
5. What fluid is found within the cochlea? a. Perilymph and endolymph b. Aqueous humour c. Vitreous humour d. Synovial fluid
a. Perilymph and endolymph
72
6. What is the name of the structure that transmits vibrations from the stapes to the cochlea? a. Tympanic membrane b. Round window c. Oval window d. Eustachian tube
c. Oval window
73
7. The sense of balance relies heavily on information from the: a. Cochlea b. Semicircular canals c. Eustachian tube d. Tympanic membrane
b. Semicircular canals
74
8. The movement of which structure causes the hair cells in the cochlea to bend and generate nerve impulses? a. Tectorial membrane b. Tympanic membrane c. Basilar membrane d. Eustachian tube
c. Basilar membrane
75
9. The auditory ossicles are found in the: a. Inner ear b. Outer ear c. Middle ear d. Cochlea
c. Middle ear
76
10. The portion of the ear responsible for detecting changes in head position and linear acceleration is the: a. Utricle and saccule b. Cochlea c. Tympanic membrane d. Organ of Corti
a. Utricle and saccule
77
11. Which structure in the ear helps with pressure regulation between the middle ear and the throat? a. Cochlea b. Eustachian tube c. Tympanic membrane d. Utricle
b. Eustachian tube
78
12. The spiral organ of Corti is located within which part of the ear? a. Vestibule b. Semicircular canals c. Cochlea d. Auricle
c. Cochlea
79
13. Which type of equilibrium detects rotational movements of the head? a. Static equilibrium b. Dynamic equilibrium c. Linear equilibrium d. Angular equilibrium
b. Dynamic equilibrium
80
14. The maculae found in the vestibule are responsible for detecting: a. Light b. Smells c. Linear acceleration and head position d. Sound vibrations
c. Linear acceleration and head position
81
15. Which of the following is NOT part of the auditory pathway? a. Cochlear nerve b. Optic nerve c. Thalamus d. Primary auditory cortex
b. Optic nerve
82
16. The semicircular canals are filled with which type of fluid? a. Perilymph b. Endolymph c. Vitreous humour d. Synovial fluid
b. Endolymph
83
17. Which type of receptor detects sound in the cochlea? a. Mechanoreceptors b. Chemoreceptors c. Photoreceptors d. Nociceptors
a. Mechanoreceptors
84
18. The auditory cortex is found in which part of the brain? a. Frontal lobe b. Temporal lobe c. Occipital lobe d. Parietal lobe
b. Temporal lobe
85
19. The hair cells responsible for hearing are located on the: a. Vestibule b. Basilar membrane c. Tectorial membrane d. Semicircular canals
b. Basilar membrane
86
20. Which structure in the vestibular system detects rotational movements? a. Cochlea b. Utricle c. Semicircular canals d. Ossicles
c. Semicircular canals
87
21. Sound waves travel through the outer ear and cause which structure to vibrate? a. Cochlea b. Tympanic membrane c. Ossicles d. Eustachian tube
b. Tympanic membrane
88
22. Which part of the ear contains the receptors that help maintain balance during movement? a. Cochlea b. Semicircular canals c. Ossicles d. Auditory canal
b. Semicircular canals
89
23. The vestibular nerve transmits signals to which brain region responsible for balance? a. Occipital lobe b. Cerebellum c. Frontal lobe d. Parietal lobe
b. Cerebellum
90
24. Which of the following structures is essential for detecting sound vibrations? a. Tympanic membrane b. Semicircular canals c. Utricle and saccule d. Vestibule
a. Tympanic membrane
91
25. The fluid-filled tubes that help detect motion in the vestibular system are the: a. Eustachian tubes b. Semicircular canals c. Cochlear ducts d. Utricles
b. Semicircular canals
