Week 9 - CNS Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the largest part of the adult brain?
a) Cerebellum
b) Brainstem
c) Cerebrum
d) Diencephalon
A
c) Cerebrum
2
Q
- Which part of the brain regulates homeostasis?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Diencephalon
d) Brainstem
A
c) Diencephalon
3
Q
- The brainstem connects the brain to which structure?
a) Spinal cord
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Thalamus
A
a) Spinal cord
4
Q
- What is the primary function of the cerebellum?
a) Memory
b) Emotion
c) Coordination
d) Sensory processing
A
c) Coordination
5
Q
- The brain is divided into two hemispheres. What does this mean?
a) Each hemisphere controls the same side of the body
b) Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body
c) Hemispheres are symmetrical in function
d) Hemispheres have no connection to body functions
A
b) Each hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body
6
Q
- Which hemisphere is typically dominant in individuals who are right-handed?
a) Left
b) Right
c) Both
d) None
A
a) Left
7
Q
- What do gyri refer to in the brain?
a) Grooves
b) Outward folds
c) Hemispheres
d) Nuclei
A
b) Outward folds
8
Q
- What do sulci refer to?
a) Folds
b) Large grooves
c) Small grooves
d) Hemispheres
A
c) Small grooves
9
Q
- What is the primary function of the frontal lobe?
a) Vision
b) Touch
c) Reasoning
d) Auditory processing
A
c) Reasoning
10
Q
- The parietal lobe is associated with processing which type of information?
a) Auditory
b) Visual
c) Sensory
d) Motor
A
c) Sensory
11
Q
- Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for visual processing?
a) Frontal
b) Parietal
c) Occipital
d) Temporal
A
c) Occipital
12
Q
- Which lobe is involved in processing auditory information?
a) Frontal
b) Parietal
c) Occipital
d) Temporal
A
d) Temporal
13
Q
- The basal nuclei are involved in which function?
a) Sensory processing
b) Movement regulation
c) Emotion
d) Language
A
b) Movement regulation
14
Q
- Which area of the brain is known as the primary motor cortex?
a) Precentral gyrus
b) Postcentral gyrus
c) Corpus callosum
d) Thalamus
A
a) Precentral gyrus
15
Q
- What is the function of the premotor cortex?
a) Directing eye movements
b) Planning complex movements
c) Processing sound
d) Emotional regulation
A
b) Planning complex movements
16
Q
- Broca’s area is responsible for which function?
a) Sensory processing
b) Speech production
c) Vision
d) Movement control
A
b) Speech production
17
Q
- What does the primary somatosensory cortex process?
a) Visual information
b) Auditory information
c) Touch and body position
d) Emotions
A
c) Touch and body position
18
Q
- Where is the olfactory cortex located?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Temporal lobe
c) Parietal lobe
d) Occipital lobe
A
b) Temporal lobe
19
Q
- Which area receives and interprets impulses for taste?
a) Olfactory cortex
b) Gustatory cortex
c) Visual cortex
d) Auditory cortex
A
b) Gustatory cortex
20
Q
- What are multimodal areas of the cortex responsible for?
a) Processing information from one sense
b) Integrating information from multiple senses
c) Motor control
d) Language
A
b) Integrating information from multiple senses
21
Q
- What is the function of the anterior association area (prefrontal cortex)?
a) Vision processing
b) Emotional impact
c) Intellect and personality
d) Auditory processing
A
c) Intellect and personality
22
Q
- The thalamus is primarily involved in which function?
a) Emotional regulation
b) Sensory relay
c) Motor control
d) Memory encoding
A
b) Sensory relay
23
Q
- What structure is located below the thalamus?
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Midbrain
A
c) Hypothalamus
24
Q
- Which gland regulates sleep-wake cycles?
a) Pituitary gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Pineal gland
d) Adrenal gland
A
c) Pineal gland
25
25. Which part of the brainstem integrates sensory information and motor responses?
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Pons
c) Midbrain
d) Diencephalon
c) Midbrain
26
26. What is the function of the pons?
a) Breathing regulation
b) Sensory processing
c) Emotional regulation
d) Memory encoding
a) Breathing regulation
27
27. The medulla oblongata controls which vital function?
a) Memory
b) Heart rate
c) Visual processing
d) Language
b) Heart rate
28
28. The primary auditory cortex is located in which lobe?
a) Frontal
b) Temporal
c) Occipital
d) Parietal
b) Temporal
29
29. Which brain structure is crucial for processing visual information?
a) Thalamus
b) Cerebellum
c) Occipital lobe
d) Pons
c) Occipital lobe
30
30. Which part of the brain regulates body temperature and hunger?
a) Thalamus
b) Cerebrum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Midbrain
c) Hypothalamus
31
31. The startle reflex is associated with which part of the brain?
a) Cerebellum
b) Medulla oblongata
c) Midbrain
d) Pons
c) Midbrain
32
32. Which structure connects the two hemispheres of the brain?
a) Corpus callosum
b) Basal nuclei
c) Cerebellum
d) Brainstem
a) Corpus callosum
33
33. What type of fibers connect parts of the same hemisphere?
a) Commissural fibers
b) Association fibers
c) Project fibers
d) Transverse fibers
b) Association fibers
34
34. Which area of the brain integrates sensory input to identify objects by touch?
a) Somatosensory Association Area
b) Primary Somatosensory Cortex
c) Primary Auditory Cortex
d) Visual Cortex
a) Somatosensory Association Area
35
35. The limbic association area is primarily involved in which function?
a) Sensory processing
b) Emotion
c) Memory encoding
d) Motor control
b) Emotion
36
36. Which structure is part of the basal nuclei?
a) Corpus callosum
b) Amygdala
c) Caudate nucleus
d) Thalamus
c) Caudate nucleus
37
37. The function of the direct pathway of the basal nuclei is to:
a) Initiate movement
b) Inhibit movement
c) Process sensory information
d) Regulate emotions
a) Initiate movement
38
38. The indirect pathway of the basal nuclei is responsible for:
a) Initiating movement
b) Inhibiting movement
c) Enhancing movement
d) Regulating emotions
b) Inhibiting movement
39
39. Which structure is involved in emotional regulation and memory?
a) Hippocampus
b) Cerebellum
c) Corpus callosum
d) Thalamus
a) Hippocampus
40
40. What is the role of the amygdala?
a) Vision processing
b) Emotional response
c) Motor control
d) Sensory integration
b) Emotional response
41
41. Which structure helps in the formation of new memories?
a) Amygdala
b) Hippocampus
c) Thalamus
d) Cerebellum
b) Hippocampus
42
42. The brain's protective membranes are known as:
a) Cortex
b) Meninges
c) Gyri
d) Sulci
b) Meninges
43
43. The outer layer of the meninges is called:
a) Pia mater
b) Arachnoid mater
c) Dura mater
d) Cerebrospinal fluid
c) Dura mater
44
44. Which is NOT a function of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF):
a) Deliver oxygen
b) Protect the brain
c) Provide nutrients
d) Homeostasis
a) Deliver oxygen
45
45. What is the role of the blood-brain barrier?
a) Regulate blood flow
b) Protect the brain from pathogens
c) Control neurotransmitter levels
d) Facilitate brain metabolism
b) Protect the brain from pathogens
46
46. What part of the nervous system controls involuntary functions?
a) Central nervous system
b) Somatic nervous system
c) Autonomic nervous system
d) Peripheral nervous system
c) Autonomic nervous system
47
47. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?
a) Parasympathetic
b) Sympathetic
c) Central
d) Enteric
b) Sympathetic
48
48. The parasympathetic division is responsible for:
a) Increasing heart rate
b) Rest and digest
c) Heightened alertness
d) Blood flow to muscles
b) Rest and digest
49
49. Which structure in the spinal cord carries sensory information to the brain?
a) Dorsal root
b) Ventral root
c) Lateral horn
d) Gray matter
a) Dorsal root
50
50. The ventral root of the spinal cord carries what type of information?
a) Sensory
b) Motor
c) Both sensory and motor
d) Neither
b) Motor
51
51. What is the function of the dorsal horn in the spinal cord?
a) Motor control
b) Sensory processing
c) Reflex actions
d) All of the above
b) Sensory processing
52
52. What is the main function of the reflex arc?
a) To transmit sensory information
b) To enable quick responses
c) To control voluntary movements
d) To regulate homeostasis
b) To enable quick responses
53
53. Damage to the spinal cord can result in which condition?
a) Parkinson's disease
b) Multiple sclerosis
c) Spinal cord injury
d) Stroke
c) Spinal cord injury
54
54. Which type of neuron carries signals away from the central nervous system?
a) Afferent
b) Efferent
c) Interneuron
d) Sensory
b) Efferent
55
55. What type of cells support and protect neurons?
a) Neurons
b) Glial cells
c) Epithelial cells
d) Stem cells
b) Glial cells
56
56. What is the role of oligodendrocytes?
a) Generate action potentials
b) Provide immune support
c) Form myelin in the CNS
d) Regulate neurotransmitter levels
c) Form myelin in the CNS
57
57. Which glial cells are responsible for the immune response in the CNS?
a) Oligodendrocytes
b) Astrocytes
c) Microglia
d) Ependymal cells
c) Microglia
58
58. The role of astrocytes includes:
a) Forming myelin
b) Providing structural support
c) Maintaining the blood-brain barrier
d) Both b and c
d) Both b and c
59
59. Which structure produces cerebrospinal fluid?
a) Ependymal cells
b) Oligodendrocytes
c) Microglia
d) Astrocytes
a) Ependymal cells
60
60. What part of the brain is involved in the control of balance and coordination?
a) Cerebrum
b) Brainstem
c) Cerebellum
d) Diencephalon
c) Cerebellum
61
61. The corona radiata and internal capsule are examples of what?
a) Association fibres
b) Commissural fibres
c) Projection fibres
d) Tract fibres
c) Projection fibres
62
62. Brainstem is formed from the
a) Prosenchepalon
b) Mesenchephalon
c) Rhombencephalon
d) B and C
d) B and C
63
1. The brainstem is formed from...
2. The midbrain is formed from...
3. The diencephalon is formed from...
4. Cerebrum is formed from...
5. Cerebellum is formed from...
1. Mes + Rhomb (Met and Myel)
.
2. Mes
.
3. Pros (Di)
.
4. Pro > Tel
.
5. Rhomb >Met
64
1. Which two structures combine to form the "striatum," the input nuclei of the basal ganglia?
A. Caudate nucleus and globus pallidus
B. Putamen and globus pallidus
C. Caudate nucleus and putamen
D. Globus pallidus and thalamus
C. Caudate nucleus and putamen
65
2. What is the main output nuclei of the basal ganglia?
A. Striatum
B. Caudate nucleus
C. Putamen
D. Globus pallidus
D. Globus pallidus
66
