Week 4 - Digestion and cellular respiration

Question 1

Which nutrient is the body’s primary source of energy? a) Proteins b) Fats c) Carbohydrates d) Vitamins

Answer 1

c) Carbohydrates

Question 2

What is the monomer of proteins? a) Glycerol b) Fatty acids c) Amino acids d) Monosaccharides

Answer 2

c) Amino acids

Question 3

Which of the following nutrients is essential for cell membrane structure? a) Proteins b) Fats c) Carbohydrates d) Vitamins

Answer 3

b) Fats

Question 4

Which vitamin is essential for immune function? a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin B c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D

Answer 4

c) Vitamin C

Question 5

Which mineral is crucial for oxygen transport in the body? a) Calcium b) Iron c) Magnesium d) Zinc

Answer 5

b) Iron

Question 6

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the body? a) Energy storage b) Tissue repair c) Fast energy d) Hormone production

Answer 6

c) Fast energy

Question 7

Which process breaks down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy? a) Anabolism b) Catabolism c) Glycogenesis d) Gluconeogenesis

Answer 7

b) Catabolism

Question 8

What is the function of lipids in the body? a) Protein synthesis b) Energy storage c) Oxygen transport d) Immune response

Answer 8

b) Energy storage

Question 9

Which of the following is a macronutrient? a) Vitamins b) Minerals c) Water d) Proteins

Answer 9

d) Proteins

Question 10

Which vitamin is fat-soluble? a) Vitamin B & C b) Vitamin B, C, D & E c) Vitamin A, D, E & K d) Vitamin A, B & C

Answer 10

c) Vitamin A, D, E & K

Question 11

What is the primary function of proteins in the body? a) Energy storage b) Growth and repair c) Hormone production d) Oxygen transport

Answer 11

b) Growth and repair

Question 12

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources? a) Glycolysis b) Glycogenolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Glycogenesis

Answer 12

c) Gluconeogenesis

Question 13

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell? a) Nucleus b) Mitochondria c) Cytoplasm d) Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 13

c) Cytoplasm

Question 14

What is the end product of glycolysis? a) Glucose b) Pyruvate c) Acetyl CoA d) Lactic acid

Answer 14

b) Pyruvate

Question 15

Which process involves the breakdown of glycogen into glucose? a) Glycolysis b) Gluconeogenesis c) Glycogenolysis d) Glycogenesis

Answer 15

c) Glycogenolysis

Question 16

What is the primary function of the Kreb’s cycle? a) Break down glucose b) Produce electron carriers c) Store fat d) Absorb vitamins

Answer 16

b) Produce electron carriers

Question 17

Which term refers to the breakdown of fatty acids to generate Acetyl-CoA? a) Lipolysis b) Glycolysis c) Beta-Oxidation d) Gluconeogenesis

Answer 17

c) Beta-Oxidation

Question 18

Which process occurs during oxidative phosphorylation? a) Formation of glycogen b) Breakdown of glucose c) Production of ATP d) Synthesis of proteins

Answer 18

c) Production of ATP

Question 19

What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration? a) Break down glucose b) Store energy c) Electron carrier d) Oxygen transport

Answer 19

c) Electron carrier

Question 20

Which process produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? a) Glycolysis b) Kreb’s cycle c) Oxidative phosphorylation d) Gluconeogenesis

Answer 20

c) Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 21

What is the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)? a) Energy expended during exercise b) Energy used while at rest c) Total daily energy expenditure d) Energy stored in fat

Answer 21

b) Energy used while at rest

Question 22

Which of the following factors increases BMR? a) Fasting b) Cold environment c) Age d) Antidepressants

Answer 22

b) Cold environment

Question 23

What is the Total Metabolic Rate (TMR)? a) Energy used while at rest b) Energy used during exercise c) Total energy expended by the body d) Energy stored as fat

Answer 23

c) Total energy expended by the body

Question 24

What is the core temperature of the body? a) Temperature of the skin b) Temperature of peripheral tissues c) Temperature of internal organs d) Temperature of the blood

Answer 24

c) Temperature of internal organs

Question 25

What is the role of the hypothalamus in body temperature regulation? a) Senses external temperature b) Produces sweat c) Acts as the body's thermostat d) Increases BMR

Answer 25

c) Acts as the body's thermostat

Question 26

Which mechanism is a heat-promoting response by the body? a) Sweating b) Vasoconstriction c) Vasodilation d) Decreased metabolic rate

Answer 26

b) Vasoconstriction

Question 27

Which mechanism is a heat-loss response by the body? a) Shivering b) Vasoconstriction c) Increased metabolic rate d) Sweating

Answer 27

d) Sweating

Question 28

What is radiation in terms of heat loss? a) Transfer of heat through direct contact b) Heat loss through infrared rays c) Heat loss through air d) Heat loss through liquid

Answer 28

b) Heat loss through infrared rays

Question 29

What is conduction in terms of heat loss? a) Heat loss through air b) Heat loss through water c) Direct transfer of heat d) Heat loss through sweat

Answer 29

c) Direct transfer of heat

Question 30

What is convection in terms of heat loss? a) Heat loss through air or water moving across the skin b) Heat loss through sweat c) Direct transfer of heat d) Heat loss through infrared rays

Answer 30

a) Heat loss through water moving across the skin

Question 31

What happens during the absorptive state in metabolism? a) Breakdown of glycogen b) Fat formation c) Protein breakdown d) Glucose formation

Answer 31

b) Fat formation

Question 32

What process occurs when glycogen stores are depleted? a) Glycolysis b) Lipolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Glycogenesis

Answer 32

b) Lipolysis

Question 33

Which process is responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol? a) Lipolysis b) Glycolysis c) Glycogenolysis d) Gluconeogenesis

Answer 33

a) Lipolysis

Question 34

What is the primary source of glucose in the body during the post-absorptive state? a) Dietary carbohydrates b) Glycogen c) Proteins d) Lipids

Answer 34

b) Glycogen

Question 35

Which process converts glycerol into an intermediate product of glycolysis? a) Lipogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Lipolysis

Answer 35

d) Lipolysis

Question 36

What is the main purpose of gluconeogenesis? a) Store glycogen b) Form glucose c) Break down glucose d) Produce ATP

Answer 36

b) form glucose

Question 37

What are ketone bodies? a) By-products of protein metabolism b) By-products of fat metabolism c) By-products of carbohydrate metabolism d) By-products of amino acid metabolism

Answer 37

b) By-products of fat metabolism

Question 38

What is the primary fuel source during prolonged fasting? a) Glycogen b) Protein c) Fatty acids d) Glucose

Answer 38

c) Fatty acids

Question 39

What is the result of excessive ketone bodies in the body? a) Alkalosis b) Ketosis c) Acidosis d) Hypoglycaemia

Answer 39

b) Ketosis

Question 40

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Cortisol d) Adrenaline

Answer 40

a) Insulin

Question 41

Which hormone increases blood glucose levels during the post-absorptive state? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Cortisol d) Thyroid hormone

Answer 41

b) Glucagon

Question 42

What is the role of cortisol in metabolism? a) Lower blood sugar b) Promote fat storage c) Promote gluconeogenesis d) Promote protein synthesis

Answer 42

c) Promote gluconeogenesis

Question 43

Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver? a) Insulin b) Glucagon c) Adrenaline d) Thyroid hormone

Answer 43

b) Glucagon

Question 44

What is the primary function of insulin in the body? a) Increase blood sugar b) Promote fat breakdown c) Promote glucose uptake by cells d) Promote protein breakdown

Answer 44

c) Promote glucose uptake by cells

Question 45

What effect does adrenaline have on the body during a fight-or-flight response? a) Decrease heart rate b) Increase blood sugar c) Promote digestion d) Lower blood pressure

Answer 45

b) Increase blood sugar

Question 46

Which hormone is responsible for increasing metabolic rate? a) Cortisol b) Thyroid hormone c) Glucagon d) Insulin

Answer 46

b) Thyroid hormone

Question 47

What is the effect of thyroid hormones on body temperature? a) Increase b) Decrease c) No effect d) Stabilise

Answer 47

a) Increase

Question 48

What process occurs during the post-absorptive state to maintain blood glucose levels? a) Glycogenesis b) Glycolysis c) Gluconeogenesis d) Lipogenesis

Answer 48

c) Gluconeogenesis

Question 49

Which process increases during the absorptive state to store excess nutrients? a) Gluconeogenesis b) Glycogenolysis c) Lipolysis d) Lipogenesis

Answer 49

d) Lipogenesis

Question 50

What is the primary function of B vitamins in energy metabolism? a) Direct energy source b) Cofactors in enzyme reactions c) Fat storage d) Blood sugar regulation

Answer 50

b) Cofactors in enzyme reactions