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Entm 1000 midterm 3 > week 13 > Flashcards

week 13 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

what is a pest? what are direct vs indirect effects?

A

An organism that interferes with human interests
Damaging crops or commodities

Direct
Eat leaves or what we want

Indirect
Reduce aesthetic quality of fruit or vegetables
Less profitable

An organism in the wrong place

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2
Q

what is a pest in a home?

A

Can depend on POV
Can have mealworms in your cereal box but also buy mealworms to feed to pet
Depends where you find insect

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3
Q

what are the 4 main groups of arthropod pests in homes

A

Mostly diptera, spiders, coleoptera, hymenoptera

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4
Q

what is the average number of arthropod species per home

A

93

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5
Q

what 4 things dont affect arthropod diversity in a home?

A

Arthropod diversity not affected by residents, humans or pets
Tidiness, pesticide use no difference
Trend that less tidy associated with more insects
Trend (not statistical) that houses with dogs more than houses with cats
Maybe cats eat more

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6
Q

how do the types of arthropods change in different rooms? what are the 5 most common types?

A

most common arthropods the same in most rooms

Ants, cobweb spiders, carpet beetles, dark winged fungus gnats, gall midges

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7
Q

what two factors increased arthropod diversity in homes

A

in rooms w/ carpet
In rooms with more doors and windows

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8
Q

which type of room in a home hosts the most types of arthropods

A

common rooms

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9
Q

how does arthropod diversity change at different elevations in a house

A

Arthropod diversity highest in basement - as you go higher, less diversity

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10
Q

what types of arthropods are found in basements

A

Basements host different community of arthropods than other rooms
More cave dwelling, scavengers and predators

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11
Q

what are stored products pests? how common are they

A

Associated w/ food or natural fabrics we store that they like to feed on
Very common

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12
Q

what type of pest are flour and grain beetles

A

stored product pests

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13
Q

what are some characteristics of flour and grain beetles? how do they enter a home?

A

2-4mm long - very small
Mostly in grains and cereals
Enter in food
Every grain mill in world has them

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14
Q

what type of pests are indian meal moths?

A

stored product pests

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15
Q

what are some characteristics of indian meal moths? how do they enter a home?

A

Associated w/ grains and cereals
Webbing characteristic
Larvae create webbing on top of grain source
Weakly flying moths - mostly crawl and flutter
Enter in food (pet food, bird seed)

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16
Q

what type of pest are carpet beetles and larder beetles

A

stored products pests

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17
Q

what are some characteristics of carpet beetles and larder beetles? how do they enter a home?

A

6-10mm long - small
Banded adults
Hairy larvae
Feed on fats, proteins, hair, skin
Enter in food
Shed cuticle - very common to find
Eat natural fibres in clothes
Adults enter from outside in spring/early summer

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18
Q

what are 3 ways to deal with stored product pests

A

Prevent entry
Prevent cross-contamination
Vacuum and move things around

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19
Q

how can you prevent entry of stored products pests

A

Examine human and pet food brought into house
Brush off dust
Freeze foods likely to have pests
Isolate pet and wild-bird food
Not set to same storage hygiene standards
More likely to have pests

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20
Q

how can you prevent cross-contamination of stored product pests

A

Keep food in sealed insect-proof containers
Empty containers before refilling
Don’t want to keep feeding pests
Clean up spills of vulnerable food

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21
Q

what are structural pests

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A

Damaging to building structure - like dead wood

22
Q

what type of pest is carpenter ants

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A

structural pest

23
Q

what are some characteristics of carpenter ants

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A

Black or brown ants
12mm long - large
Nest in rotten wood
Doesn’t eat wood
Dig with mandibles to break apart rotten wood
Sign of wood decay
Can’t nest if wood in tact
Common outdoors (tree stumps, etc.)

24
Q

what type of pests are powder post beetles

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A

structural pests

25
what are some characteristics of powder post beetles? how are they transported?
Parallel-sided beetles but seldom seen Toothpick size holes in wood, furniture, structural timber Larva develop and pupate inside long channels Fine saw dust from holes Transported in infested wood
26
what are the two main ways to deal with structural pests?
prevent/discourage entry Baits and traps Carpenter ants
27
how can you prevent/discourage entry of structural pests
Don’t transport infested wood/furniture Powder post beetles Remove rotting wood from buildings (carpenter ants) Stack firewood off ground away from buildings (carpenter ants) Air circulation - things don’t rot
28
what are ectoparasites? how common are they as pests in homes?
Associated w/ humans or pets Not common in homes
29
what type of pest are fleas
ectoparasites
30
how do fleas enter a home?
pets usually bring in
31
what is the life cycle of fleas?
Adults live in host Lay eggs that roll off of host Can find eggs where host spends time Larva feed on Blood rich feces from adults Pupate in sticky cacoon Cover cocoon in whatever is in environment
32
why is treating a host not sufficient to deal with flea infestation?
95% of problem of flea infestation is in the environment 5% of population adults on hosts
33
what are 4 control strategies to control fleas?
Vacuum where pets rest/sleep Removes flea dirt, eggs, some larvae Steam cleaning even better IGRs to carpets to prevent reinfestation Insect growth regulators - mimic insect hormones so larvae never become adults 5-10% borate solution to carpets/mats Greed LED light (515nm) is most attractive to cat fleas Cat fleas - most common even on dogs Can make light trap
34
how do foggers work to control fleas?
minimally effective
35
how does ultrasonic devices and diet pet control work to control fleas
doesn't work
36
what are neusance/health hazard pests
Unpleasant, can transmit disease
37
what kind of pest are cockroaches
nuisance/health hazard pests
38
what are some charateristics of cockraoches? What environment do they like? what do they eat?
Not that common German cockroach most common species 1-4 cm long American cockroach Can flatten to 3mm Still run very fast Hard to catch Like warm dark places: sewers, wall spaces Tight spaces: behind fridge Favour protein and fat but eat most things Seldom fly Enter in infested items or from adjacent apartments Lay egg cases Can tell species by shape of egg cases
39
what type of pest is house flies
nuisance/health hazard pests
40
what are some characteristics of house flies
Enter through windows, doors, etc Larvae grow in manure and garbage Excellent transmitters of disease organisms
41
what type of pest are fruit flies
nuisance/health hazard pests
42
what are some characteristics of fruit flies
Larvae develop on decaying fruits/veggies Attracted to alchohol Enter on food (usually as eggs)
43
what are some characteristics of ants as neusance pests
Narrow wasted, mostly not winged, 1-12mm long Attracted to sugars, construct foraging trails Clean off trail, can’t find food May nest in house structure or outside Usually nest outside
44
what are moth flies (drain flies) as pests
nuisance/health hazard pests Larvae likes clogged drains
45
what kind of pest are silverfish and firebrats
nuisance/health hazard pest
46
what are some characteristics of silverfish and firebrats
Find them anywhere Very common Firebrats like hot and dry Silverfish like wet habitats Don’t do much Can eat books
47
how can you prevent/ discorage entry of neisence/health hazard pests
Maintain window screens, seal wall cracks Avoid bringing in infested items (cockroaches) Check shoes for egg sacks Manage outside sources Ant nests, garbage management for flies Don’t leave food or food waste exposed Clean and vacuum frequently Reduce water source availability in house (cockroaches) Limiting factor for insects Limit drips
48
what are 4 ways to control infestation of pests
Traps Cockroaches, flies, ants Vacuuming Cockroaches, ants, beetles, moths Diatomaceous earth Cockroaches, ants Silica powder Cuts wax coating on insects and makes them dry out Insecticides Baits: ants, cockroaches Space sprays: flies Residual spray
49
what are seasonal invadors
Come to spend winter or when convenient for them
50
why are multicoloured asian lady beetles seasonal invaders
Fly to sunny cliffs in natural habitats Houses the only similar thing in parairies
51
what are some characteristics of sowbugs/pill bug
Sometimes pest in gardens, homes Windows left open, coming up laundry room drain Place window screen over basement drain
52
what are beneficial arthropods
Eat other pests

Entm 1000 midterm 3 (5 decks)

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