Week ??? Flashcards
(26 cards)
What did Theodor Adorno state ?
- sport fandom itself is not play but ritual in which the subjected celebrate their subjection
- ex: spend free time watching others play sports instead of doing it yourself
What is involved in fans and fandom ?
- audiences seen as consumers
- fandom understood as consumption
- fans regarded as pathological and passive
What did John Fiske state ?
fandom may be typical of the socially and culturally deprived
What is involved in studying fans and fandom ?
- cultural studies became dominant approach to study of popular culture (change image of fans and fandoms)
- fandom reconceived as production (active creative subjects)
- fans regarded as active and creative
What is fandom a source of ?
- pleasure/recreation
- identity/community
- political/civic engagement (productive/active engagement w/ popular culture)
What do cultural studies scholars state ?
- fan culture as “folk” culture or culture “from below”
- vs. official culture and popular culture “from above” (ex: gatekeepers)
What is involved in high culture/”official” culture?
- art, literature, etc
- highbrow. artistic
- intellectual
What is low culture/”normal” popular culture ?
- TV, popular music
- lowbrow, commercial
- mainstream
What is involved in fan culture ?
- video games, anime, comics, sci-fi (most of this have been marginal and fugitive)
- lowbrow, not commercial (at first)
- identified as juvenile, worthless
- inspired moral panic (e.g., shooting games being tied to mass shooting in the U.S)
What do fans do ?
- “fandom is typically associated w/ cultural forms that the dominant value system denigrates - pop music, romance novels, comics…”
- fans recuperate, legitimize and mainstream these forms of popular culture
- then fan culture becomes mainstream popular culture (ex: Marvel movies)
What is semiotic productivity ?
- fans create identities based on their fandom
- e.g., defining oneself as a Swiftie or as part of the BTS ARMY (PURPLE BLOODED RAHHH)
What is enunciative productivity ?
- fans communicate their identites to others on basis of fandom
- e.g., cosplay
What is textual productivity?
- fans create works based on their fandom
- e.g., fanfiction, amateur videos
What is involved in sports fans and fandoms ?
- sports does not equal marginalized popular culture but very much mainstream popular culture
- fan practices in sports are normalized
- e.g., cosplay vs uniform jerseys
What are the 3 kinds of sports fandom proposed by Raymond Williams ?
- members: reciprocity and obligation; sense of commitment
- customers: more ulitarian; self-interested; e.g., Blue Jays
- consumers: mercenary; move from one club/team to another; e.g., fan of a particular player
What did Brendan Dwyer propose (?)
- cable/satellite, TV, internet + digital technologies, and fantasy sports
- from team-based to athelete-based
What did Donald Horton and R. Richard Wohl propose ?
- parasocial relationships: imagined connections between fans and objects of fandom
- newer media and technologies and hyper-visibility of celebrities deepen illusion of proximity and intimacy
How does discrimination and distinction occur in sports fandoms ?
- sports fans’ knowledge of sports and athletes
- basis of distinction and judement among fans
How are fans capitalizing upon cultural capital ?
- Dwyer: fans knowledge and capital now exploited by fans (and others) through fantasy sports and gambling
- fantasy sports services, and sportsbook and betting apps and sites, monetize fan knowledge
How are sports fans involved in activism ?
- citimers: citizens + consumers
- language of citizenship vs language of consumerism
- bottom-up vs top-down
- fandom + activism
- fans -> acitivists
What did Fitzpatrick and Hoey state?
the advantages of football for collective action: a ready-made network of actors with a shared collective identity; emotional, affective commitmnet; its sociability and provision of established spaces for communal gathering and the exchange of idea and experiences common aims and often an agreed ‘villain’
What is involved in European football ?
- often characterized by public ownership and involvement in teams
- fans as members increases (vs. consumers or customers)
What did Numerato and Giulanotti state?
the civic engagement of football fans has strong continuities with, and contributes significantly to, forms of cirtical, political and ethical consumerism that are observable in other social spheres and frequently framed by the citizen-consumer concept
What is the basis for sports fan activism ?
organization, identities, symbols, etc., from sports fandom
