Week 5 Flashcards
(26 cards)
How is race tied to modernity ?
- its a product of modernity
- race was now broken into distinct categories
How did colonialism impact sports ?
- displacement of local sporting practices
- British colonialism: rationalized, bureaucratized, “civiling” sports
- e.g,: rugby and cricket (propagation of certain ideas of race)
How was “scientific racism” in the 17th/18th century ?
- transatlantic slave trade
- argued for natural differences b/w free whites and enslaved blacks
- visible differences
- rigorous scientific categorization of animals that was applied to humans
What was involved in scientific racism ?
- differences b/w whites and non whites -> nature and biology
- religious and civilizational differences -> permeable
- racial differences -> absolute
What did Richard Giulianotti state ?
“Greater variations in athletic capability exist within each ethnicity than between elite athletes of different skin colour”
What is post reconstruction U.S ?
era that slavery was abolished
What are Jim Crow Laws ?
- Plessy vs Ferguson (1886) - legalized racial discrimination
- Segregation/”sepreate but equal”
- NAACP
What occured during the first wave ?
- 1900-1945
- gaining legitimacy - black american atheletes in reagrds to competivity
- ex: Jack Johnson - race riots broke out due to him winning
What was sports a vehicle for?
- as vechivle in Cold War
- U.S vs U.S.S.R
What occured in the pre-civil era of the U.S ?
- desegregation
- Brown vs Board of Education (1954) - rules that discrimination based on race was illegal
- South Christian Leadership Conference, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
What occured during the second wave ?
- 1946 - early 1960s
- acquiring political access - joining clubs and leagues; ex Jackie Robinson
- positional diversity
What occured by the 1950s
all major sports were racially assimilated
What occured by the 1960s ?
all major collegiate athletic conferences racially assimilated
What occured during the third wave ?
civil rights era
- mid 1960s to 1970s
- demanding dignity and respect (to be recognized and celebrated in their profession)
- ex: Malcolm X; Martin Luther King
What occured in the civil rights era ?
- disenchantment with formal gains
- Civil Rights Act (1964)
- Voting Rights Act (1965)
- Black American athletes - politically radical; nationalism and radicalism
What occured in the post-protest era U.S ?
- 1970s to 2000s
- ex: Tiger Woods; Micheal Jordan
- Black American representation in sports increased
- Black American sport activism decreased
- Black American atheltic stars (apolitical; racially “transcendent?”)
What occured during the fourth wave ?
- 2005 - present
- securing and transferring power via economic and technological capita (power and decision making opportunities)
- ex: baseball, basketball and football
What is symbolic activism ?
actions drawing attention to injustice and demanding reforms
What is scholarly activism ?
enhancing public understanding of racial inequality
What is grassroots activism ?
community engagement and movement-building
What is economic activism ?
creating businesses in disadvantaged communities
What is sports-based activism ?
actions to change practices, rules, etc. in sports themselves
What occured in regards to dress codes in the NBA ?
- hip-hop/”urban” dress as moral panic
- Black American NBA players as folk devils
- “cultural racism” - usually not violent or overt; not explicitly framed in racial terms
When was the NBA dress code created ?
October 17, 2005
