Week 2 AI Flashcards
(25 cards)
What are the two primary determinants of myocardial oxygen supply?
Coronary blood flow and oxygen content of the blood.
True or False:
Increased heart rate decreases myocardial oxygen demand.
False.
The __________ is the primary factor affecting myocardial oxygen demand.
Myocardial workload.
Which of the following factors can increase myocardial oxygen demand?
A) Decreased heart rate
B) Increased contractility
C) Decreased preload
B) Increased contractility.
What role does the oxygen content of blood play in myocardial oxygen supply?
It determines the amount of oxygen available for delivery to the myocardium.
What is the primary cause of acute coronary syndromes (ACS)?
Imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the heart.
True or False:
Oxygen supply to the myocardium is solely dependent on coronary artery blood flow.
False. Oxygen supply is also influenced by factors such as blood oxygen content and oxygen extraction by the myocardium.
Increased heart rate and contractility lead to an increase in __________ demand.
oxygen
What are the two main types of acute coronary syndromes?
The two main types are unstable angina and myocardial infarction (MI).
Multiple Choice: Which factor can decrease oxygen supply to the heart?
A) Anemia
B) Increased coronary perfusion pressure
C) Decreased heart rate
A) Anemia
What role does the coronary circulation play in oxygen supply?
Coronary circulation provides blood flow to the myocardium, delivering oxygen and nutrients necessary for cardiac function.
True or False: Oxygen demand increases during physical activity.
True.
What physiological change can lead to a decreased oxygen supply in patients with coronary artery disease?
Atherosclerosis can lead to narrowed coronary arteries, reducing blood flow and oxygen supply.
The __________ of the heart is primarily responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body.
left ventricle
What is the significance of myocardial oxygen demand in the context of ACS?
Increased myocardial oxygen demand can precipitate ischemia and exacerbate ACS.
What is ischemia?
Ischemia is a condition characterized by insufficient blood flow to a tissue, resulting in a lack of oxygen and nutrients.
True or False: Ischemia can lead to tissue necrosis if prolonged.
True
Fill in the blank: The primary cause of ischemia is __________.
obstruction of blood vessels
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of ischemia? A) Atherosclerosis B) Thrombosis C) Hyperemia D) Embolism
C) Hyperemia
What are the two main types of ischemia?
Acute ischemia and chronic ischemia.
Short answer: Name one consequence of ischemia.
Potential consequences include tissue damage, organ dysfunction, or infarction.
True or False: Ischemia can affect any organ in the body.
True
What physiological mechanism primarily leads to tissue injury in ischemia?
The lack of oxygen (hypoxia) and the accumulation of metabolic waste.
Multiple choice: Which condition is often a precursor to ischemia? A) Hypertension B) Hyperlipidemia C) Diabetes D) All of the above
D) All of the above
