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Pathophysiology of the Heart Disease > Week 3 Quiz > Flashcards

Week 3 Quiz Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Heart failure is:

  • a. the inability of the heart, to pump blood to the peripheral circulation
  • b. the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body
  • c. the inability of the heart, to pump blood from the left ventricle to sufficiently supply the metabolic
    needs of the body
  • d. the inability of the heart, to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic needs when exercising
A

b. the inability of the heart to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body

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2
Q

Ventricular chamber enlargement with impaired systolic contractile
function:

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

Abnormally thickened ventricular wall with abnormal diastolic
relaxation:

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

A

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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3
Q

Abnormally stiffened myocardium leading to impaired diastolic
relaxation:

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

A

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

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4
Q

Which mechanism is used to maintain blood pressure in response to a decrease in renal artery perfusion?

a. Decrease BNP
* b. Activate RAAS
* c. Decrease renin release
* d. Activate parasympathetic nervous system

A

b. Activate RAAS

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5
Q

The pericardium aids in reducing friction during contraction by:

a. Allows heart to move freely in the mediastinum
b. Producing synovial fluid
c. Increasing contractility
d . Secreting pericardial fluid

A

d . Secreting pericardial fluid

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6
Q

Heart failure is a possible complication of which form of cardiac disease?

*a. atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction
* b. hypertension, valvular heart disease
* c. congenital heart disease, cardiomyopathies
* d. all of the options

A
  • d. all of the options
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7
Q

Natural hormones secreted by the myocardium causing vasodilation are called:

a. HDL, LDL
b. LDH, AST
c. CPK, Troponin
d. ANP, BNP

A

d. ANP, BNP

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8
Q

Which of the following statements are true about pleuritic chest pain:
Choose all that apply.

a. usually caused by lung related illness or pericarditis
b. increases discomfort to sit and lean forward
c. usually caused by myocardial infarction
d. aggravated by inspiration and coughing
e. typically sharp

A

a. usually caused by lung related illness or pericarditis
d. aggravated by inspiration and coughing
e. typically sharp

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9
Q

Which of the following statements are true about pericardial friction rub:
Choose all that apply.

a. comes and goes
b. scratchy sound on auscultation
C. heard best with patient lying flat in bed

A

b. scratchy sound on auscultation

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10
Q

Natural compensatory mechanisms in heart failure which work to initially maintain blood circulation:

a. Frank Starling Mechanism, hyperthyroidism, ventricular remodeling
b. Frank Starling Mechanism, neurohormonal alterations, ventricular remodeling
c. Anemia, neurohormonal alterations, ventricular remodeling
d. Uncontrolled hypertension, neurohormonal alterations, ventricular remodeling

A

a. Frank Starling Mechanism, hyperthyroidism, ventricular remodeling

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11
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) may have transient obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract
during systole due to:

a. a severely decreased hemoglobin
b. a chordae tendineae that is diseased
c. an anterior mitral leaflet moving towards the aortic valve during systole
d. a ruptured papillary muscle

A

c. an anterior mitral leaflet moving towards the aortic valve during systole

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12
Q

Heart rate x Stroke volume provides the calculation of:

  • a. Afterload
  • b. Preload
  • c. Cardiac output
  • d. Ejection fraction
A

c. Cardiac output

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13
Q

FEVER can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

A

Increased metabolic demands

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14
Q

Myocardial Infarction can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

A

Decreased contractility

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15
Q

Uncontrolled Hypertension can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

A

Increased afterload

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16
Q

Renal Failure can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

A

Increased circulating volume

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17
Q

Excessive Fluid Intake can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

A

Increased circulating volume

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18
Q

Tachycardia can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

Study These Flashcards
A

Increased metabolic demands

19
Q

Pulmonary Embolism can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

Study These Flashcards
A

Increased afterload

20
Q

Excess Na+ In The Diet can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

Study These Flashcards
A

Increased circulating volume

21
Q

Infection can be categorized into which heart failure group:

Increased metabolic demands
Decreased contractility
Increased circulating volume
Increased afterload

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A

Increased metabolic demands

22
Q

The resistance the ventricles must overcome to empty its contents:

a. Preload
b. Ejection fraction
c. Stroke volume
d. Afterload

23
Q

Life threatening complication which may result from acute pericarditis:

  • a. Endocarditis
  • b. Cardiac tamponade
  • c. Pericardial effusion
  • d. Pulmonary embolism
Study These Flashcards
A

b. Cardiac tamponade

24
Which are common echocardiographic findings in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? Select all that apply. a. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the ventricular septum b. Diastolic dysfunction c. Left ventricular dilation d. Left ventricular hypertrophy
a. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the ventricular septum b. Diastolic dysfunction d. Left ventricular hypertrophy
25
90% of all hypertension, cause unknown: a. Unstable hypertension b. Essential hypertension c. Secondary hypertension d. Uncontrolled hypertension
b. Essential hypertension
26
Clinical clues that hypertension may be secondary with a correctable cause include: Choose all that apply. a. Age - before age 20 and after age 50 b. Severity - a dramatic rise in BP c. Onset - gradual onset d. Strong family history of hypertension
a. Age - before age 20 and after age 50 b. Severity - a dramatic rise in BP
27
TRUE or FALSE Pericardial effusion may occur due to any form of acute pericarditis.
True
28
Helps to reverse vasoconstriction and volume retention due to angiotensin II: ACE Inhibitor Beta-Blocker Vasodilator Diuretic Inotrope ARB Spironolactone
ACE Inhibitor
29
Used when patient can't tolerate ACE inhibitors due to side effect or cough: ACE Inhibitor Beta-Blocker Vasodilator Diuretic Inotrope ARB Spironolactone
ARB
30
Inhibits sympathetic nervous system activation: ACE Inhibitor Beta-Blocker Vasodilator Diuretic Inotrope ARB Spironolactone
Beta-Blocker
31
Decrease preload by eliminating Na+ and water via the kidneys: ACE Inhibitor Beta-Blocker Vasodilator Diuretic Inotrope ARB Spironolactone
Diuretic
32
Aldosterone antagonist therapy: ACE Inhibitor Beta-Blocker Vasodilator Diuretic Inotrope ARB Spironolactone
Spironolactone
33
Drug that causes blood vessels to relax and dilate: ACE Inhibitor Beta-Blocker Vasodilator Diuretic Inotrope ARB Spironolactone
Vasodilator
34
Drug that improves the force of contractility: ACE Inhibitor Beta-Blocker Vasodilator Diuretic Inotrope ARB Spironolactone
Inotrope
35
Which of the following conditions increase afterload? Choose all that apply. a. HTN b. Mitral stenosis. c. Asthma d. Diabetes insipidus e. Diabetes mellitus f . Aortic stenosis
a. HTN e. Diabetes mellitus f . Aortic stenosis
36
Due to the restrictive nature of Restrictive Cardiomyopathy, the ventricle is less compliant. This leads to: a. increased cavity size, decreased systemic and pulmonary congestion b. decreased cavity size, increased systemic and pulmonary congestion c. decreased cavity size, decreased systemic and pulmonary congestion d. increased cavity size, increased systemic and pulmonary congestion
b. decreased cavity size, increased systemic and pulmonary congestion
37
What is an exogenous cause of secondary HTN? * a. Renal failure * b. Medications * c. Family history * d. Age
b. Medications exogenous = external factors
38
TRUE or FALSE Any cardiomyopathy can result from genetic mutations.
TRUE
39
The volume of blood in the ventricles just before systole: a. Afterload b. Ejection fraction c. Preload d. Atrial kick
c. Preload
40
Cardiac output x Total peripheral resistance provides the calculation of: a. Stroke volume b. Blood pressure c. Ejection fraction d. Afterload
b. Blood pressure
41
The effect on myocardial performance when the ventricular volume or preload increases during diastole: a. Increased the afterload b. Increased force of contraction c. Lesser the afterload d. Lesser the force of contraction
b. Increased force of contraction
42
Which statement best describes the echocardiographic findings in Dilated Cardiomyopathy? a. Chamber enlargement b. Valve regurgitation c. Hypertrophy d. Systolic contractile function e. All of the above
e. All of the above
43
Blood pressure regulation is controlled by these systems: * a. Heart, blood vessels * b. Kidneys, hormones * c. Heart, liver * d. A & B * e. B & C
d. A & B
44
How does the body attempt to increase blood pressure when the baroreceptors detect a decrease in perfusion pressure? * a. Decreasing heart rate, vasoconstriction, ventricular contractility * b. Increasing heart rate, vasoconstriction, ventricular contractility * c. Increasing heart rate, vasodilation, ventricular contractility * d. Decreasing heart rate, vasodilation, ventricular contractility
b. Increasing heart rate, vasoconstriction, ventricular contractility
45
10% of all hypertension, cause identifiable: * a. Uncontrolled hypertension * b. Secondary hypertension * c. Unstable hypertension * d. Essential hypertension
b. Secondary hypertension

Pathophysiology of the Heart Disease (9 decks)

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