Week 2 Quiz

Question 1

Myocardial dysfunction depends on:

size of infarct
location of infarct
impact on pump function
all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

What % of ischemic heart disease is caused by factors unrelated too atherosclerotic coronary artery disease?

5%
25%
0%
10%

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

What does maintaining the balance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand primarily help prevent?

Increased oxygen content
Endothelial dysfunction
Impaired lung function
Ischemic Heart Disease

Answer 3

Ischemic Heart Disease

Question 4

The left side of the heart develops more valvular heart disease due to:

• a. Higher pressure and workload
• b. Increased vascular resistance
• c. All the above

Answer 4

All the above

Question 5

A thrombus which partially occludes a coronary vessel usually causes which ACS?

Select one:
* a. Unstable angina
* b. Non-ST elevation MI
* c. ST elevation MI
* d. A & B
* e. B & C

Answer 5

d. A & B

Question 6

What percentage of patients with symptomatic mitral stenosis (MS) previously had rheumatic fever?

• a. 10-30%
• b. 30-50%
• c. 50-70%
• d. 70-90%

Answer 6

• c. 50-70%

Question 7

TRUE or FALSE

Stable angina is not an acute coronary syndrome

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

What is the most sensitive cardiac biomarker?

Answer 8

Troponin

Question 9

True or False

Some ischemias and some MIs can be silent

Answer 9

TRUE

Question 10

True or False

PCI are not used for treating STEMI

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

Which ACS (Acute Coronary Syndrome) has no rise in serum biomarkers?

• a. Unstable angina
• b. NSTEMI
• c. STEMI

Answer 11

a. Unstable angina

Question 12

Symptoms from valvular disease due to rheumatic fever usually present in patients::

a. 2 years later
b. 5 - 10 years later
c. 10 - 30 years later
d. 25 years later

Answer 12

c. 10 - 30 years later

Question 13

Which is the least likely result from the external compression of coronary arteries during systole?

• a. Subendocardial Ischemia
• b. Increased coronary blood flow
• c. Exertional angina

Answer 13

b. Increased coronary blood flow

Question 14

During diastole, which arteries experience the greatest flow of blood?

• a. Carotid
• b. Radial
• c. Femoral
• d. Coronary

Answer 14

d. Coronary

Question 15

B-Blockers decrease 02 demand by:

a. Decreasing sympathetic drive
b. Increasing sympathetic drive
c. Increasing venous return
d. Decreasing parasympathetic drive

Answer 15

a. Decreasing sympathetic drive

Question 16

Which coronary arteries are least likely to develop atherosclerosis first?

• a. Proximal epicardial vessels
• b. Distal resistance vessels

Answer 16

b. Distal resistance vessels

Question 17

When a patient is having an anginal attack, the 1st thing they should do is:

• a. stop physical activity and rest
• b. proceed to the nearest hospital
• c. get company
• d. go directly home

Answer 17

a. stop physical activity and rest

Question 17

Possible complications of an MI include:

• a. pericarditis, vertigo, pancreatitis
• b. arrhythmias, insomnia, osteoporosis
• c. pericarditis, ventricular aneurysm, cardiogenic shock
• d. congestive heart failure, embolism, arrhythmias
• e. Both C and D

Answer 17

• e. Both C and D

Question 18

Which medication is added when ischemia persists, despite using B-blockers and nitrates?

• a. nitro spray
• b. calcium channel blockers
• c. antiplatelets
• d. antacid

Answer 18

b. calcium channel blockers

Question 19

What is a highly fatal risk of valve replacement surgery?

• a. infective endocarditis
• b. pulmonary congestion
• c. dyspnea
• d. chamber enlargement

Answer 19

a. infective endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a potentially fatal inflammation of heart valves’ lining and sometimes heart chambers’ lining, usually from bacteria.

Question 20

Which is the gold standard non-invasive test used to evaluate valvular disease and its effect on the myocardium?

a. Electrocardiogram
b. Echocardiogram
c. Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
d. Exercise stress test

Answer 20

b. Echocardiogram

Question 21

Coronary artery stenosis of >90% has a higher risk for myocardial infarction due to:

• a. Inadequate blood flow and ischemia occurs at rest
• b. Decreased blood pressure and dizziness
• c. Does not have any notable effects
• d. Fatigue and exertional dyspnea

Answer 21

a. Inadequate blood flow and ischemia occurs at rest

Question 22

All of the following are characteristic of unstable angina, except:

a. sudden increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of pain
b. angina developed even at rest
c. severe coronary spasm
d. new onset angina

Answer 22

c. severe coronary spasm

Question 23

What degree of coronary artery stenosis has occurred when patients begin to experience angina with exertion or emotional stress?

a. 30%
b. 55%
c. 90%
d. 70 %

Answer 23

d. 70 %

Question 24

Rheumatic fever: Choose al that apply. * a. occurs mainly in children and young adults * b. leads to the development of valve disease, usually affecting the tricuspid valve * c. is an inflammatory condition * d. is a complication of upper respiratory infections caused by group A Streptococci * e. occurs mainly over the age of 50

Answer 24

a. occurs mainly in children and young adults c. is an inflammatory condition d. is a complication of upper respiratory infections caused by group A Streptococci

Question 25

Which layer of the heart is least vulnerable to ischemic damage? * a. Endocardium * b. Epicardium

Answer 25

b. Epicardium

Question 26

Nitrates decrease 02 demand by decreasing: * a. conductivity * b. venous return * c. 02 supply * d. heart rate

Answer 26

b. venous return

Question 27

Approximate aortic diastolic pressure ranges from: * a. 60-80 mm Hg * b. 20-40 mmHg * c. 40-60 mm Hg

Answer 27

60-80 mm Hg

Question 28

Which of the following are true about Plavix? * a. can reduce blood pressure * b. has anti-inflammatory properties * c. used when aspirin allergy exists * d. can be given in combination with aspirin

Answer 28

c. used when aspirin allergy exists d. can be given in combination with aspirin

Question 29

Angina that almost always occurs at rest, lasts a short period of time and contains no significant coronary artery occlusions but is prone to spasm is called: a. Unstable angina b. Stable angina c. Hibernating myocardium d. Prinzmetal angina

Answer 29

d. Prinzmetal angina

Question 30

Which of the following is characterized by angina pain without noticeable vessel occlusion on coronary angiography? a. stunned myocardium b. Syndrome X c. silent ischemia d. hibernating myocardium e. silent MI.

Answer 30

b. Syndrome X

Question 31

Administered early, which therapy can restore blood flow in 70-80% of coronary occlusions? a. Antiplatelet therapy b. Vasodilation therapy c. Fibrinolytic therapy d. Anticoagulation therapy

Answer 31

c. Fibrinolytic therapy