Week 2 Stable Angina Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is stable angina?
Episodic chest pain due to transient myocardial ischemia caused by coronary atherosclerosis.
What typically triggers stable angina?
Physical activity and/or emotional stress.
How is stable angina relieved?
By rest and/or nitroglycerin.
What are the four main factors that increase myocardial oxygen demand?
Heart rate, systolic BP, myocardial wall tension, and contractility.
What diagnostic tests are used for stable angina?
ECG, stress testing, nuclear imaging, echocardiography, or coronary angiography.
What are the modifiable risk factors for stable angina?
Smoking, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle.
What is Levine’s sign?
Clenching of the hand over the chest/sternum to indicate chest discomfort.
How long do episodes of stable angina typically last?
2–10 minutes.
What medication is first-line for angina prevention?
Beta-blockers.
Which medications are used for acute relief of angina?
Sublingual nitroglycerin.
What imaging is the gold standard for diagnosing CAD?
Invasive coronary angiography (ICA).
What are common associated symptoms of angina?
Dyspnea, palpitations, nausea, diaphoresis, dizziness, syncope.
Which lab test is essential in ruling out ACS?
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn).
Which patients may present with atypical symptoms?
Women, elderly, and diabetics.
What are the goals of stable angina treatment?
Relieve symptoms, prevent ischemia and MACE, and improve quality of life.
