Week 3

Question 1

cerebral cortex = ______ matter

Answer 1

gray

Question 2

basal nuclei = deeper _______ matter

Answer 2

gray

Question 3

afferent impulses from all senses converge and

synapse in the _____________ except for what sense

Answer 3

thalamus

smell

Question 4

main visceral control center of the body

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

stalk of the hypothalamus

 connects to the pituitary gland below

Answer 5

infundibulum

Question 6

controls mechanisms needed to maintain normal body

temperature

Answer 6

hypothalamus

Question 7

what hormones are made in the hypothalamus?

Answer 7

ADH and oxytocin

Question 8

pineal gland extends from the posterior border and secretes

_______-

Answer 8

melatonin

Question 9

pineal gland is part of what thalamus

Answer 9

epithlamaus

Question 10

anterior brain increases in numbers of neurons and synapses

Answer 10

cephalization

Question 11

in development the________ develops the neural plate

Answer 11

ectoderm

Question 12

Fold become the crest, becomes the____

Groove becomes the tube becomes the_____

Answer 12

PNS

CNS

Question 13

neural tube defects caused by lack of what?

Answer 13

low folic acid (B9)

Question 14

incomplete closure of one or more vertebral lamina, resulting in protrusions of the spinal membranes and spinal cord through the clefts
Usually lumbar and sacral region

Answer 14

spina bifida

Question 15

circumference of the head is smaller than average for the person’s age and sex

Answer 15

Microencephaly

Question 16

absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp

Baby born unconscio9us and usually don’t survive

Answer 16

Anencephaly

Question 17

ventricles arise from expansion of the_______ of the neural tube

Answer 17

lumen

Question 18

____ ventricle found in the diencephalon 


Answer 18

third

Question 19

_______ventricle found in the hindbrain dorsal to the pons

Answer 19

fourth

Question 20

core of spinal cord= white or gray matter

Answer 20

gray matter

Question 21

ridges; increase surface areas so your brain fits inside your skull

Answer 21

gyri

Question 22

grooves

Answer 22

-sulci=

Question 23

deep groove

Answer 23

fissures=

Question 24

separate R and L brain

Answer 24

longitudinal fissure

Question 25

-5 lobes of brain=

Answer 25

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula

Question 26

separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 26

-central sulcus

Question 27

the _________and ____________ gyri border the central sulcus

Answer 27

pre-central | post central

Question 28

Cerebral Cortex | -is gray or white matter

Answer 28

grey

Question 29

enables sensation, communication, memory, understanding, and voluntary movements

Answer 29

cerebral cortex

Question 30

each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex acts ipsilateral or contralaterally

Answer 30

contralaterally [controls the opposite side of the body]

Question 31

control voluntary movement

Answer 31

motor areas

Question 32

what are the 4 motor areas of the brain?

Answer 32

1. primary somatic motor cortex 2. pre motor cortex 3. brocas area 4. frontal eye field

Question 33

- in pre central gyrus - composed of pyramidal cells whose axons make up the corticospinal tracts - conscious control, precise skilled movements

Answer 33

Primary (somatic) motor cortex

Question 34

- anterior to pre central gyrus | - controls learned, repetitious, or patterned motor skills
 - coordinates simultaneous or sequential actions

Answer 34

pre motor cortex

Question 35

- anterior to the inferior region of the premotor area - present in one hemisphere [usually the left] - a motor speech area that directs muscles of speech - active while speaking

Answer 35

brocas area

Question 36

brocas area is usually on what side of the brain

Answer 36

left

Question 37

Broca’s Aphasia = ‘oral expressive aphasia’

Answer 37

- comprehension is good | - can understand what words mean but have trouble with the motor output of speech

Question 38

- anterior to the premotor cortex and superior to brooks area - voulntary eye movement

Answer 38

frontal eye field

Question 39

conscious awareness of sensation

Answer 39

Sensory area (perception)

Question 40

what are the 4 sensory areas of the brain

Answer 40

1. primary somatosensory cortex 2. somatosensory association cortex 3. visual and auditory areas 4. olfactory, gustation, and vestibular cortices

Question 41

- located in the postcentral gyrus - receives info from skin and skeletal muscles - spatial discrimination

Answer 41

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 42

- located posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex - integrates sensory information - determines size, texture, relationship

Answer 42

Somatosensory Association Cortex

Question 43

-on extreme posterior tip of occipital lobe; gets visual info from retinas

Answer 43

primary visual cortex=

Question 44

surrounds the primary visual cortex; interprets

Answer 44

-visual association area=

Question 45

located at the superior margin of the temporal | lobe; receives information related to pitch, rhythm, and loudness

Answer 45

- primary auditory cortex=

Question 46

= located posterior to the primary auditory cortex; stores memories of sounds and permits perception of sounds

Answer 46

auditory association area

Question 47

conscious awareness of odors; primitive part of rhinencephalon [nose-brain]

Answer 47

olfactory

Question 48

integrate diverse information

Answer 48

association areas

Question 49

what are the 4 assocaiton areas

Answer 49

1. prefrontal cortex 2. language areas 3. general interpretation center 4. visceral association areas

Question 50

- anterior portion of the frontal lobe - intellect, cognition, recall, and personality - judgment, reasoning, persistence, and conscience - closely linked to the limbic system [emotional part of the brain]

Answer 50

pre frontal cortex

Question 51

the prefrontal cortex is closely linked with the _______ system

Answer 51

;imbic

Question 52

Wernickes area=

Answer 52

in lett hempishpehre, understanding and comprehension of spoken language

Question 53

speech is preserved [motor] but language content is incorrect

Answer 53

Wernickes aphasia= “sensory aphasia”;

Question 54

conscious perception of visceral sensations - upset stomach - full bladder

Answer 54

Visceral Association Areas

Question 55

L and R brain; each hemisphere does certain things

Answer 55

laterlization

Question 56

cerebral dominance
- left hemisphere–language, math, and logic right hemisphere–visual-spatial skills, emotion, and artistic skills

Answer 56

asa

Question 57

which fibers: Connects gray area of 2 hemispheres Corrposum collusum

Answer 57

Commissures (x-axis)

Question 58

which fibers Connect different part of same hemisphere

Answer 58

Association fibers (y axis)

Question 59

which fibers Enteres the hemisphere from lower brain or cord centers

Answer 59

Projection Fibers (z axis)

Question 60

masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter 


Answer 60

basal nuclei

Question 61

- voluntary muscular activity - attention and cognition - intensity of slow movements - inhibits unnecessary movement - input and output of cerebral cortex, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Answer 61

Basal Nuclei

Question 62

hypokinetic disorders

Answer 62

Parkinson’s disease

Question 63

hyperkinetic disorders

Answer 63

Huntington’s disease

Question 64

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subfornial organ | -in 3rd ventricle

Answer 64

Diencephalon

Question 65

paired, egg-shaped masses that form the superolateral walls of the third ventricle

Answer 65

thalamus

Question 66

afferent impulses from all senses converge and synapse in the________ (except smell)

Answer 66

thalamus

Question 67

located below the thalamus, it caps the brainstem and forms the inferolateral walls of the third ventricle

Answer 67

hypothalamus

Question 68

main visceral control center of the body infundibulum= stalk of hypothalamus that connect to pituitary Blood pressure, heart rate, GI motility, breathing Pleasure, fear, rage Body temp Hunger Sleep wake cycles Relseases ADH and oxytocin

Answer 68

hypothalamus

Question 69

- contains pineal gland (melatonin) | - chroid plexus= secrets CSF

Answer 69

epithalamus

Question 70

Subfornial area

Answer 70

sensation of thirst when dehydrated