Week 5

Question 1

alar plate → will become___________ 


Answer 1

interneurons

Question 2

basal plate → will become _____________

Answer 2

lower motor neurons

Question 3

posterior spinal cord= motor or sensory

Answer 3

senory

Question 4

-anterior spinal cord= motor or senrory

Answer 4

motor

Question 5

neural crest cells form the ___________________

Answer 5

dorsal root ganglia

Question 6

SPinal Cord
-cord runs to____

Answer 6

L1/L2

Question 7

-lumbar puncture is done below ________

Answer 7

L1/L2 (don’t want to puncture the spinal cord)

Question 8

• subarachnoid space
• filled with CSF

Answer 8

-arachnoid matter

Question 9

lumbar puncture is sued to rule out what

Answer 9

meningitis

Question 10

-conus medullaris

Answer 10

= terminal portion of the spinal cord

Question 11

fibrous extension of the pia mater anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx

Answer 11

filum terminale =

Question 12

= delicate shelves of pia mater; attach the spinal cord to
the vertebrae

Answer 12

denticulate ligaments

Question 13

continuous in 4th ventricle

Answer 13

central canal=

Question 14

___ spinal nerves attach to the cord by _______________–

Answer 14

31
paired roots

Question 15

cervical and lumbar enlargements = sites where nerves_______ the upper and lower limbs emerge


Answer 15

serving

Question 16

collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal

Answer 16

cauda equina

Question 17

Signs of Cauda Equina Syndrome

Answer 17

-low back pain
-unilateral or bilateral radiculopathy
- saddle [perineal] paresthesia or anesthesia
- bowel and bladder disturbances [habit changes]
begin with urinary retention followed by overflow urinary incontinence
Lower extremity motor weakness
Reduced reflexes

Question 18

anterior median fissure separates ____________

Answer 18

anterior funiculi

Question 19

• posterior median sulcus divides ______________-

Answer 19

posterior funiculi

Question 20

connects masses of gray matter; encloses central canal

Answer 20

Gray commisure

Question 21

-posterior [dorsal] horns=

Answer 21

interneurons

Question 22

anterior [ventral] horns=

Answer 22

interneurons and somatic lower motor neurons

Question 23

lateral horns [T1-L2 spinal cord only]= contain

Answer 23

sympathetic nerve cell bodies

Question 24

4 Zone of Gray Matter

Answer 24

1. Somatic Sensory
2. Visceral Sensory
3. Visceral Motor
4. Somatic Motor

Question 25

- fibers run in 3 directions (_[x-, y-, z- axes]_ - divided into three funiculi [columns]= posterior, lateral, and anterior - athways decussate/corss

Answer 25

_Spinal Cord White Matter_

Question 26

somatotopy

Answer 26

- precise spatial relationships = orderly mapping of the body - lower extremities = medial positions - upper extremities are lateral

Question 27

flaccid paralysis = spastic=

Answer 27

flaccid=lower spastic=upper

Question 28

paresthesia [neuropraxia]

Answer 28

tingling, prickling, numbness on the skin surface

Question 29

_= posturing indicates damage to the corticospinal_ tract; better prognosis than decerebrate

Answer 29

_decorticate_

Question 30

Causes of decorticate

Answer 30

- cerebral infarction [stroke] - intracranial hemorrhage -1o or 2o brain tumor - head injury - increased intracranial pressure -damage to cerebral hemispheres, internal capsule, thalamus, midbrain

Question 31

damage to brain or cerebellum; very severs- elbows extended and hands flexed and pronated

Answer 31

-decerebrate=

Question 32

causes of -decerebrate=

Answer 32

- brainstem tumor - brainstem damage below the levels of the red nucleus; midbrain - pontine stroke - brain herniation

Question 33

destruction of the _anterior horn motor neurons_ by the poliovirus

Answer 33

Poliomyelitis

Question 34

nonparalytic/preparalytic:

Answer 34

*  generalized, non-throbbing headache *  fever of 38-40oC *  sore throat *  anorexia *  nausea/vomiting *  muscle aches

Question 35

paralytic

Answer 35

severe muscle pain and spasms  asymmetric weakness, lower limbs affected more than upper limbs *  flaccid muscle tone *  absent reflexes *  paresthesia  cranial nerve, spinal cord, and brain involvement also possible

Question 36

= most common degenerative disease of the motor neuron system - incurable - destruction of anterior horn motor neurons and fibers of the pyramidal tract - can’t speak, swallow, breath

Answer 36

ALS

Question 37

_UMN Lessions_

Answer 37

1. spastic paralysis 2. hyperactive reflexes 3. [+] pathological reflexes 1. [+] clonus

Question 38

_LMN Lessions_

Answer 38

1. flaccid paralysis 2. hypoactive reflexes / areflexia 3. [+] atrophy 4. 4.[+] fasciculations