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Z-Anatomy 4 > Week 9 > Flashcards

Week 9 Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Origin of Fibers Sympathetic

A

thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord [T1-L2]

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2
Q

Origin of Fibers paraympathetic

A

brain stem [cranial nerves] and sacral spinal cord

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3
Q

Length of Fibers Sympathetics

A

short preganglionic and long postganglionic

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4
Q

Length of Fibers parasympathetics

A

long preganglionic and short postganglionic

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5
Q

Location of ganglia sympathetic

A

close to the spinal cord

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6
Q

Location of ganglia parasympathetic

A

in the visceral effector organs

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7
Q

when are the pupils constrcited?

A

parasymtpathetic (don’t need to see far)

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8
Q

which cranical nerves carry parasympathetic?

A

3,7,9,10

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9
Q

oculomotor goes to where?

A

eye

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10
Q

facial [VII] goes to where>

A

salivary, nasal, and lacrimal glands

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11
Q

glossopharyngeal [IX] goes to?

A

parotid salivary glands

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12
Q

vagus [X] goes where?

A

heart, lungs, and most visceral organs

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13
Q

where do sacral 2-4 go?

A

large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs

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14
Q

the pupils dialtes in sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

craniosacral is assocaited with what? sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

parasympathetic

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16
Q

sympathetic or parasympathetic go to skin

A

only sympathetic

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17
Q

sympathetic or parasympathetic to adrenal medulla

A

only sympathetic

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18
Q

sympathetic or parasympathetic: heart rate increases, and breathing is rapid and deep
 the skin is cold and sweaty, and the pupils dilate

A

sympathetic

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19
Q

arises from spinal cord segments T1 through L2

A

sympathetic

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20
Q

sympathetic neurons produce the ____________ of

the spinal cord

A

lateral horns

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21
Q

sympathetic pregangionic nerves that do NOT synapse

A

sphlanic nerves

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22
Q

fibers from T5-L2 form _______________s and

synapse with collateral ganglia

A

splanchnic nerve

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23
Q

how many gangilai in sympathetic trunk?

A

23 ganglia

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24
Q

there are __ pathways in which the sympathetic nerve fibers reach the peripheral structure

A

7

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25
where do sympathetics start?
lateral horn
26
these fibers innervate sweat glands and arrector pili muscles
Pathways with Synapses in Chain Ganglia
27
these fibers: serve the skin and blood vessels of the head stimulate dilator muscles of the iris inhibit nasal and salivary glands
Pathways to the Head- sympathetic
28
these fibers innervate the heart via the cardiac plexus, the thyroid, aorta, lungs, and esophagus
Pathways to the Thorax- sympathetic
29
 these fibers [T5-L2] leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing  they form thoracic, lumbar, and sacral splanchnic nerves
Pathways with Synapses in Collateral Ganglia- sympathetic
30
- they travel through the thoracic splanchnic nerves and synapse at the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia - postganglionic fibers serve the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, and kidneys
Pathways to the Abdomen- sympathetic
31
 most travel via the lumbar and sacral splanchnic nerves to the inferior mesenteric and hypogastric ganglia  postganglionic fibers serve the distal half of the large intestine, the urinary bladder, and the reproductive organs
Pathways to the Pelvis- sympathetic
32
 fibers of the thoracic splanchnic nerve pass directly to the adrenal medulla, upon stimulation, medullary cells secrete norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood
Pathways to the Adrenal Medulla- sympathetic
33
adrenal medulla is part of what nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
34
no post ganglionic where?
adrenal
35
visceral reflexes are alwaya they are always_________ pathways
polysynaptic
36
pain stimuli arising from the viscera are perceived as somatic in origin
referred pain
37
two major neurotransmitters of the ANS
acetylcholine [ACh] and norepinephrine [NE]
38
preganglionics in PNS and SNS use what neurotransmitter
acetylcholine [ACh]
39
ACh-releasing fibers
cholinergic fibers
40
sympathetic postganglionic axons that release NE
adrenergic fibers
41
neurotransmitter effects can be excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the ____________
receptor type
42
the two types of receptors that bind ACh
1. nicotinic | 2. muscarinic
43
when Ach binds to a nicotinc it is
stimulatory (ALWAYS) leads to depolorization
44
 motor end plates [somatic targets]  all preganglionic neurons of both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions  the hormone-producing cells of the adrenal medulla
nicotinic
45
nicotinic these receptors blocked by the poison______  blocks NMJ causing paralysis
curare
46
activated nicotinic receptors stimulate the _________
somatic nervous sytem
47
in the CNS, release dopamine [leads to addiction]
nicotinic
48
can be either inhibitory or excitatory
muscarinic
49
the two types of adrenergic receptors
are alpha and beta
50
which receptors for norepinephrine are inhibiroty/ stimulatoryq
α receptors is generally stimulatory |  β receptors is generally inhibitory
51
a notable exception: |  NE binding to β receptors of the______ is stimulatory
heart (beta blockers)- reduce heart stimulation/BP
52
what to beta blockers do in the heart?
educeheartrate[–chronotropic] |  reduceforceofcontraction[–inotropic]
53
what to beta blockers do in the kidneys?
reduce renin release [BP]
54
what to beta blockers do in the vasculatrue?
cause vasodilation [BP]
55
which systemp control blood pressure?
sympathetics
56
ANS cooperation is best seen in control of the _________________
external genitalia
57
___________ fibers cause ejaculation of semen in males and reflex peristalsis in females
sympathetic
58
____________fibers cause vasodilation and are responsible for erection of the penis and clitoris
parasympathetic
59
which things are ruled only by sympathetic nervous system
adrenal medulla, sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, kidneys, and most blood vessels
60
sympathetic impulses activate the kidneys to release_________
renin (increasing BP)
61
the __________ division exerts short-lived, highly localized control
parasympathetic
62
the__________ division exerts long-lasting, diffuse effects
sympathetic
63
sympathetic activation is long-lasting because of
norepinephrine
64
the _________ is the main integration center of ANS activity
hypothalamus
65
 heart activity and blood pressure  body temperature, water balance, and endocrine activity  emotional stages [rage, pleasure] and biological drives [hunger, thirst, sex]  reactions to fear and the “fight-or-flight” system
hypothalamus
66
the effectors of the Somatic NS are ___________
skeletal muscles
67
the effectors of the ANS are
cardiac muscle |  smooth muscle  glands
68
axons of the ANS are a___-neuron chain
two
69
in the ANS: |  all preganglionic fibers release _____
ACh
70
ANS effect on the target organ is dependent upon the neurotransmitter released and the ____________ of the effector
receptor type
71
sympathetic neuron preganglionic release what?
ACh
72
sympathetic neuron postganglionic release what?
NE
73
parasympathetic neuron preganglionic release what?
ACh
74
parasympathetic neuron postganglionic release what?
ACh

Z-Anatomy 4 (14 decks)

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