WEEK 3 AP1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are ions?
An atom that has lost or gained an electron
What is a molecule?
2 or more atoms sharing electrons
What is a compound?
A substance that can be broken down into 2 or more different elements
What is a free radical?
An atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell
What are antioxidants?
Substances that inactivate oxygen - derived free radicals
What are chemical bonds?
Occurs when atoms are held together by forces of attraction
What are ionic bonds?
Transfer of electrons from metal to non-metal
What are covalent bonds?
When two or more atoms share electrons rather than donate or receive
What are hydrogen bonds?
Weak bonds that result from the attraction of oppositely charged parts of molecules
What do hydrogen bonds do?
Stabilize the structure of large molecules such as nucleic acid and protein
What do reactants do?
They start substances
What are products?
They are the ending of substances
What is metabolism?
Sum of all chemical reactions occuring in the body
What are exothermic reactions?
Release more energy than they absorb
What are endothermic reactions?
Absorb more energy than they release
What is activation energy?
The collision energy is needed to break the chemical bonds of the reactants so that a reaction can start
What are catalysts?
Catalysts are chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur
What are the 5 types of chemical reactions?
- Synthesis/Anabolism
A + B —-> AB - Decomposition/Catabolism
AB —-> A + B - Exchange reaction
AB + CD —-> AD + AC - Reversible
A + B <—-> AB - Oxidation-Reduction
What is oxidation?
Loss of electrons and energy release
What is reduction?
Gain of electrons and energy gain
What are the 3 types of mixtures?
- Solution
- Colloid
- Suspension
