Week 3 Cardiovascular Disease

Question 1

Explain an ischemic stroke:

Answer 1

A blockage that causes necrosis to tissue due to a lack of blood supply

Question 2

Explain a hemorrhagic stroke:

Answer 2

A bleed in the brain when a blood vessel ruptures

Question 3

What are stroke signs and symptoms?

Answer 3

Sudden numbness, sudden weakness, trouble speaking, trouble to see in one or both eyes, sudden dizziness, loss of balance, severe headache

Question 4

How do strokes cause sudden numbness and weakness?

Answer 4

It stops the blood supply to the area of the brain that controls the feeling

Question 5

DTV Symptoms:

Answer 5

Swelling in leg, pain and tenderness, warmth in skin and red or discoloured skin

Question 6

How do DTV occur?

Answer 6

The patient is immobile for a long period of time, blood flow slows down and blood clots form.

Question 7

What’s one of the risks of DTV related to the lungs?

Answer 7

The blood clot travels through the blood vessels and gets stuck in the lungs and causes pulmonary embolism

Question 8

How can you reduce the risk of blood clots?

Answer 8

Walk around, wear compression stockings, take anti-clotting medication

Question 9

What is the medical term for high blood pressure?

Answer 9

Hypertension

Question 10

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 10

It is a type of hypertension caused by a secondary condition

Question 11

What are the risk factors for primary hypertension?

Answer 11

Family hx, over 50 yrs old, males, smoking, diabetes, BMI over 30, excessive alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, stress, indigenous

Question 12

What are some causes of secondary hypertension?

Answer 12

Liver cirrhosis, narrow aorta, sleep apnoea

Question 13

What are some patho causes of hypertension?

Answer 13

RAAS or cardiac vascular hypertrophy

Question 14

What are some interventions for hypertension?

Answer 14

medication, manage associated conditions, exercise, stop smoking, change diet, loss weight, monitor bp

Question 15

What are the two categories of haemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 15

Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding is from the blood vessels within the brain.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage. Bleeding is in the subarachnoid space (the space between the brain and the membranes that cover the brain).

Question 16

What is an intracerebral hemorrhage?

Answer 16

Intracerebral hemorrhage. Bleeding is from the blood vessels within the brain.

Question 17

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Answer 17

Bleeding is in the subarachnoid space (the space between the brain and the membranes that cover the brain).

Question 18

What is aphasia?

Answer 18

A disorder that affects communication

Question 19

What is dysphasia?

Answer 19

A disorder that affects speaking

Question 20

Why do patients who suffer a stroke have difficulty controlling their emotions?

Answer 20

that part of the brain is impaired and emotional changes after stroke

Question 21

what are spatial perceptual alterations?

Answer 21

Where the patient has a stroke on the right side of the brain and has difficulty in their perception

Question 22

How to diagnose stroke?

Answer 22

Brain CT, and MRI scan

Question 23

What is one of the main focuses when treating strokes?

Answer 23

Preserve the brain

Question 24

What are the key hyperacute treatments for haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 24

Blood pressure management, acute stroke unit care, interdisciplinary approach and early rehab

Question 25

What are the key hyperacute treatments for ischaemic stroke?

Answer 25

Thrombolysis, endovascular clot retrieval, acute stroke unit care, anticoagulation, interdisciplinary approach, early rehab

Question 26

What is the FeSS protocol?

Answer 26

Fe- fever temp less than 37.5 S- Sugar below 10mmol/L S- Swallow dysphagia screen test within 4 hrs

Question 27

What is endovascular clot retrieval?

Answer 27

Removal of clot from brain

Question 28

What are surgical interventions used to treat hemorrhagic strokes?

Answer 28

clipping the aneurysm

Question 29

What is peripheral vascular disease often called?

Answer 29

Peripheral artery disease

Question 30

What is Peripheral artery disease?

Answer 30

it is narrowing or blockage of the vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs.

Question 31

What causes PAD?

Answer 31

atherosclerosis (Build up of fatty plaque)

Question 32

What are extra risk factors for PAD?

Answer 32

being over 60, smoking, Hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and diabetes

Question 33

What is intermittent claudication?

Answer 33

post exercise pain in legs

Question 34

What is Paresthesia?

Answer 34

burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet

Question 35

What are some diagnostic studies linked to PAD?

Answer 35

Doppler ultrasound, Ankle-brachial index,

Question 36

What medications are given to people with PAD?

Answer 36

ACE inhibitors, Antiplatelet agents, medications for intermittent claudication

Question 37

What is claudication?

Answer 37

Pain in thigh, calf or butt when walking

Question 38

What is the difference between a thrombus and embolism?

Answer 38

A thrombus is a blood clot that forms and stays in a blood vessel and an embolism is a blocked blood vessel by a foreign object

Question 39

What is paralysis?

Answer 39

Loss of muscle function in that part of the body

Question 40

What is hemiplegia?

Answer 40

Being paralysed on one side of the body

Question 41

What is hemiparesis?

Answer 41

Weakness on one side of the body

Question 42

What is FAST?

Answer 42

Face, Arms, Speech, Time

Question 43

What is dysphagia?

Answer 43

Difficulty swallowing food and liquids

Question 44

What is aphasia?

Answer 44

A disorder that affects communication

Question 45

What is an ankle-brachial index?

Answer 45

Its a test used to compare the blood pressure in upper and lower limbs