Week 2 Cardiovascular 1 Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

What is cardiovascular disease?

A

Its a group of disorders linked to the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

Is cardiovascular disease the world’s leading killer?

A

YES :’(

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3
Q

What are the groups of cardiovascular disease?

A

ischaemic heart disease, stroke, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions

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4
Q

How can cardiovascular be reduced?

A

By addressing some lifestyle factors such as reducing drinking and smoking, reducing weight, more exercise

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5
Q

What are some lifestyle factors that can reduce cardiovascular disease?

A

quit smoking, eat a balanced diet, manage stress, exercise, drink less alcohol, manage htn,

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6
Q

What are non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A

family hx, age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, mental health

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7
Q

What is angina?

A

Chest pain

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8
Q

What is the reversible main symptom of chest pain?

A

Angina

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9
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

oxygen demand is greater than the oxygen supply that is available

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10
Q

What is the background cause of angina?

A

it is pain caused by the lack of oxygen supply within 10 seconds of occlusion. it is viable for 20 minutes

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11
Q

What are the 3 types of Angina?

A

Chronic stable, Prinzmental and unstable angina

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12
Q

What is chronic stable angina?

A

pain that lasts 5-15 minutes then goes away.

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13
Q

how is chronic stable angina treated?

A

medication like beta-blockers

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14
Q

what is Prinzmental angina?

A

Spasm also called vasospastic angina or variant angina

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15
Q

What is unstable angina also called?

A

Pre-infarction angina, acute coronary insufficiency or crescendo angina

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16
Q

When does unstable angina occur?

A

Unpredictable and occurs at rest

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17
Q

What to do if patients say they have chest pain?

A

Follow PQRST then take ECG

18
Q

What does PQRST stand for?

A
P: Precipitating and palliative factors,
Q: Quality,
R: Region and radiation
S: Severity and associated symptoms
T: Time
19
Q

Why take an ECG if pt has chest pain?

A

Can help the medical staff determine if the patient has reduced blood flow to the heart.

20
Q

What assessment is used to distinguish

A

patient history, physical examination, ECG, biochemical markers esp troponin

21
Q

What is ACS?

A

Acute coronary syndromes

22
Q

What is a stemi?

A

ST-segment elevation MI

23
Q

What does acute coronary syndrome mean?

A

a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, spanning ST-elevation myocardial infarction through to angina

24
Q

How to manage acute coronary syndromes?

A

Follow the clinical pathways. Assess patient, ECG, medical staff review patient, Aspirin therapy, cardiac-specific troponin levels

25
What are nursing interventions in ACS cases?
Assess vital signs, pain assessment, take ECG, administer glyceryl trinitrate, IV cannulation, organise blood tests, obtain a chest x-ray
26
What is the pharmacological treatment for unstable angina?
Vasodilators, long-acting nitrates, Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers
27
What is GTN?
Glyceryl trinitrate
28
What is ongoing management of chest pain?
Look at vital signs, level of consciousness, cardiac monitoring, ECGs, pain and medication
29
What is troponin?
troponin is a type of protein found in heart muscles.
30
Why is troponin in the blood important?
because ti is not normally found in the blood, when its in the blood it is a sign of damage to heart muscles
31
What is some immediate management for someone with ACS?
Monitoring, oxygen therapy, ECG, Aspirin, GTN,Venous access
32
What is some ongoing management for someone with ACS?
anti-platelet agent, anticoagulant agent, Beta-blockers, lipid lowering therapy,
33
What's the difference between a heart attack and a cardiac arrest?
Heart attack is caused by a blocked artery and cardiac arrest is an electrical problem with the heart
34
What is heart failure?
An abnormal clinic syndrome with inadequate pumping and filling
35
what are the 4 categories of heart failure?
systolic, diastolic, mixed, acute, decompensated
36
what is the main cause of heart failure?
coronary artery disease
37
what is systolic heart failure?
Inability to pump blood forward
38
what is diastolic heart failure?
decreased filling in ventricles
39
How is heart failure diagnosed?
Chest X-ray, ECG, Patho tests,
40
What interventions are recommended for heart failure?
exercise, medication, change in diet
41
Key interventions for acute heart failure?
Monitor oxygen sats and give oxygen therapy, positioning, and medications