Week 2 Cardiovascular 1

Question 1

What is cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

Its a group of disorders linked to the heart and blood vessels

Question 2

Is cardiovascular disease the world’s leading killer?

Answer 2

YES :’(

Question 3

What are the groups of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 3

ischaemic heart disease, stroke, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions

Question 4

How can cardiovascular be reduced?

Answer 4

By addressing some lifestyle factors such as reducing drinking and smoking, reducing weight, more exercise

Question 5

What are some lifestyle factors that can reduce cardiovascular disease?

Answer 5

quit smoking, eat a balanced diet, manage stress, exercise, drink less alcohol, manage htn,

Question 6

What are non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Answer 6

family hx, age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, mental health

Question 7

What is angina?

Answer 7

Chest pain

Question 8

What is the reversible main symptom of chest pain?

Answer 8

Angina

Question 9

What is myocardial infarction?

Answer 9

oxygen demand is greater than the oxygen supply that is available

Question 10

What is the background cause of angina?

Answer 10

it is pain caused by the lack of oxygen supply within 10 seconds of occlusion. it is viable for 20 minutes

Question 11

What are the 3 types of Angina?

Answer 11

Chronic stable, Prinzmental and unstable angina

Question 12

What is chronic stable angina?

Answer 12

pain that lasts 5-15 minutes then goes away.

Question 13

how is chronic stable angina treated?

Answer 13

medication like beta-blockers

Question 14

what is Prinzmental angina?

Answer 14

Spasm also called vasospastic angina or variant angina

Question 15

What is unstable angina also called?

Answer 15

Pre-infarction angina, acute coronary insufficiency or crescendo angina

Question 16

When does unstable angina occur?

Answer 16

Unpredictable and occurs at rest

Question 17

What to do if patients say they have chest pain?

Answer 17

Follow PQRST then take ECG

Question 18

What does PQRST stand for?

Answer 18

P: Precipitating and palliative factors,
Q: Quality,
R: Region and radiation
S: Severity and associated symptoms
T: Time

Question 19

Why take an ECG if pt has chest pain?

Answer 19

Can help the medical staff determine if the patient has reduced blood flow to the heart.

Question 20

What assessment is used to distinguish

Answer 20

patient history, physical examination, ECG, biochemical markers esp troponin

Question 21

What is ACS?

Answer 21

Acute coronary syndromes

Question 22

What is a stemi?

Answer 22

ST-segment elevation MI

Question 23

What does acute coronary syndrome mean?

Answer 23

a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, spanning ST-elevation myocardial infarction through to angina

Question 24

How to manage acute coronary syndromes?

Answer 24

Follow the clinical pathways. Assess patient, ECG, medical staff review patient, Aspirin therapy, cardiac-specific troponin levels

Question 25

What are nursing interventions in ACS cases?

Answer 25

Assess vital signs, pain assessment, take ECG, administer glyceryl trinitrate, IV cannulation, organise blood tests, obtain a chest x-ray

Question 26

What is the pharmacological treatment for unstable angina?

Answer 26

Vasodilators, long-acting nitrates, Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers

Question 27

What is GTN?

Answer 27

Glyceryl trinitrate

Question 28

What is ongoing management of chest pain?

Answer 28

Look at vital signs, level of consciousness, cardiac monitoring, ECGs, pain and medication

Question 29

What is troponin?

Answer 29

troponin is a type of protein found in heart muscles.

Question 30

Why is troponin in the blood important?

Answer 30

because ti is not normally found in the blood, when its in the blood it is a sign of damage to heart muscles

Question 31

What is some immediate management for someone with ACS?

Answer 31

Monitoring, oxygen therapy, ECG, Aspirin, GTN,Venous access

Question 32

What is some ongoing management for someone with ACS?

Answer 32

anti-platelet agent, anticoagulant agent, Beta-blockers, lipid lowering therapy,

Question 33

What's the difference between a heart attack and a cardiac arrest?

Answer 33

Heart attack is caused by a blocked artery and cardiac arrest is an electrical problem with the heart

Question 34

What is heart failure?

Answer 34

An abnormal clinic syndrome with inadequate pumping and filling

Question 35

what are the 4 categories of heart failure?

Answer 35

systolic, diastolic, mixed, acute, decompensated

Question 36

what is the main cause of heart failure?

Answer 36

coronary artery disease

Question 37

what is systolic heart failure?

Answer 37

Inability to pump blood forward

Question 38

what is diastolic heart failure?

Answer 38

decreased filling in ventricles

Question 39

How is heart failure diagnosed?

Answer 39

Chest X-ray, ECG, Patho tests,

Question 40

What interventions are recommended for heart failure?

Answer 40

exercise, medication, change in diet

Question 41

Key interventions for acute heart failure?

Answer 41

Monitor oxygen sats and give oxygen therapy, positioning, and medications