Week 2 Cardiovascular 1 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is cardiovascular disease?
Its a group of disorders linked to the heart and blood vessels
Is cardiovascular disease the world’s leading killer?
YES :’(
What are the groups of cardiovascular disease?
ischaemic heart disease, stroke, rheumatic heart disease and other conditions
How can cardiovascular be reduced?
By addressing some lifestyle factors such as reducing drinking and smoking, reducing weight, more exercise
What are some lifestyle factors that can reduce cardiovascular disease?
quit smoking, eat a balanced diet, manage stress, exercise, drink less alcohol, manage htn,
What are non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
family hx, age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, mental health
What is angina?
Chest pain
What is the reversible main symptom of chest pain?
Angina
What is myocardial infarction?
oxygen demand is greater than the oxygen supply that is available
What is the background cause of angina?
it is pain caused by the lack of oxygen supply within 10 seconds of occlusion. it is viable for 20 minutes
What are the 3 types of Angina?
Chronic stable, Prinzmental and unstable angina
What is chronic stable angina?
pain that lasts 5-15 minutes then goes away.
how is chronic stable angina treated?
medication like beta-blockers
what is Prinzmental angina?
Spasm also called vasospastic angina or variant angina
What is unstable angina also called?
Pre-infarction angina, acute coronary insufficiency or crescendo angina
When does unstable angina occur?
Unpredictable and occurs at rest
What to do if patients say they have chest pain?
Follow PQRST then take ECG
What does PQRST stand for?
P: Precipitating and palliative factors, Q: Quality, R: Region and radiation S: Severity and associated symptoms T: Time
Why take an ECG if pt has chest pain?
Can help the medical staff determine if the patient has reduced blood flow to the heart.
What assessment is used to distinguish
patient history, physical examination, ECG, biochemical markers esp troponin
What is ACS?
Acute coronary syndromes
What is a stemi?
ST-segment elevation MI
What does acute coronary syndrome mean?
a broad spectrum of clinical presentations, spanning ST-elevation myocardial infarction through to angina
How to manage acute coronary syndromes?
Follow the clinical pathways. Assess patient, ECG, medical staff review patient, Aspirin therapy, cardiac-specific troponin levels