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NSB231 > Week 4 Renal > Flashcards

Week 4 Renal Flashcards

1
Q

What does AKI stand for?

A

Acute kidney injury

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2
Q

What does eGFR stand for?

A

estimated glomerular filtration rate

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3
Q

What is AKI?

A

Sudden rapid reduction in GFR resulting in the retention of uraemia

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4
Q

What can AKI progress to?

A

CKD Chronic kidney disease

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5
Q

What does CKD stand for?

A

Chronic kidney disease

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6
Q

What are the 3 forms of AKI?

A

Pre, Intra and post-renal

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7
Q

How is AKI diagnosed?

A

Using RIFLE

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8
Q

What does Rifle stand for?

A 
R: Risk
I: Injury
F: Failure
L: Loss of function
E: End stage
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9
Q

What is pre-renal failure?

A

Not enough blood flow to the kidney

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10
Q

What is Intra-renal failure?

A

Damage to the cells within the kidney affect’s its filtering ability

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11
Q

What is Intra-renal failure?

A

Damage to the cells within the kidney effect’s its filtering ability

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12
Q

What is Azotaemia?

A

Acute rise of blood nitrogen levels which is an indication of pre-renal acute injury

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13
Q

How to access patients for AKI?

A

Hx, physical exam, their blood work,

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14
Q

What to look for in someone’s blood work with AKI?

A

Acidosis, Blood urea nitrogen, serum electrolytes, decreased creatine clearance,

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15
Q

What are some priority problems for AKI?

A

Excess fluid volume, risk of infection, fatigue, anxiety, arrhythmias, malnutrition

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16
Q

What are nurse-led interventions for AKI?

A

Health promotion

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17
Q

what is the onset for AKI?

A

Sudden

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18
Q

What is the onset of CKD?

A

Gradual, often over many years

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19
Q

What is the most common cause of AKI?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

20
Q

What is the most common cause of CKD?

A

Diabetic nephropathy

21
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for AKI?

A

Acute reduction in urine output or elevation in serum creatinine

22
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for CKD?

A

Decreased GFI or kidney damage

23
Q

Is AKI reversible?

A

Potentially

24
Q

Is CKD reversible?

A

Progressive and irreversible

25
Q

What is the primary cause of death for AKI?

A

Infection

26
Q

What is the primary cause of death for CKD?

A

Cardiovascular disease

27
Q

What is CKD?

A

An estimated or measured GFR rate <60mL/min that is present for more than 3 months

28
Q

What are the goals for stage 3 of CKD?

A

Managed by GP or NP. Reduce CKD progression and reduce cardiovascular risk,

29
Q

What to do in stage 4 of CKD?

A

Referral to a renal specialist team. Reduce CKD risk, regular monitoring

30
Q

What is stage 5 of CKD?

A

End-stage. Needs renal replacement therapy (Dialysis)

31
Q

What is holistic person-centred care?

A

Focusing on what the individual wants, shared decision making, psychosocial support,

32
Q

What is hyperkalaemia management?

A

Potassium restriction, IV glucose and insulin, sodium polystyrene sulphonate, dialysis

33
Q

What is anti-hypertensive therapy?

A

Weight loss, lifestyle adjustment, diet changes, sodium and fluid restriction, antihypertensive medications

34
Q

What is Nocturia?

A

Needing to urinate at night

35
Q

What is Oliguria?

A

Urine output below 400ml’s in adults

36
Q

What is Anuria?

A

Lack of urine production

37
Q

What is haematuria?

A

Blood in urine

38
Q

What is pruritis?

A

Itchy sensation

39
Q

What is the need for renal replacement therapies?

A

To prevent premature death due to its ability to control fluid volume overload, hyperkalemia, uraemia, hypertension and metabolic acidosis

40
Q

What is peritoneal dialysis?

A

It is where approx 2-3L sterile fluid is inserted into her peritoneum. It stays in there for a period of time between 20mins to 8 hours then drained out and discharged.

41
Q

What is haemodialysis?

A

Process of ridding the body of toxic wastes, and excess fluid, controlling blood pressure and acidosis by pumping the blood through an artificial kidney.

42
Q

What is continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis?

A

This is peritoneal dialysis but the patient can leave it in for longer periods of time and the fluid is inserted more regularly. Patients are able to do this themselves.

43
Q

What is APD?

A

Automated peritoneal dialysis

44
Q

What are some complications from AKI or CKD?

A

Haemodynamic instability, electrolyte imbalances, fluid volume excess or deficit, infection, emboli and haemorrhage

45
Q

What is the estimated glomerular filtration rate?

A

it is a serum marker that measures how well the kidneys filter waste from the body

46
Q

What is oliguria?

A

urinary output less than 400 ml per day

47
Q

What is Anuria?

A

Lack of urine production

NSB231 (5 decks)

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