Week 3, Class 1 (9/13)

Question 1

What causes Asthma?

Answer 1

Physical or chemical irritants

Question 2

Common triggers of asthma

Answer 2

Foods, pollen, smoke, animal dander, temperature changes, respiratory infection, activity, stress

Question 3

Most common symptom of asthma

Answer 3

Coughing in the absence of respiratory infection

Question 4

Asthma assessment findings

Answer 4

Episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, nightly or early morning cough
Itching of the neck or upper back
Exacerbations
Exercise induced bronchospasm
Severe spasm or obstruction (inaudibly of breath sounds in crackles, ineffective coughs)

Question 5

Status asthmatics treatment

Answer 5

Albuterol
IV Magnesium sulfate
Heliox
Corticosteroid

Question 6

Management of acute asthma episodes

Answer 6

1st) administer quick relief medication‘s (albuterol)
2nd) Monitory respiratory status. Pulse oximeter readings in color. Watch for silent chest or decreased wheezing

Question 7

Asthma medication types

Answer 7

Quick relief: tx Symptoms and exacerbations
Long-term: Maintain control of inflammation or achieve bronchodilation 

Question 8

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 8

A chronic multi system genetic disorder characterized by exocrine gland dysfunction
Abnormally thick mucus production causing obstruction of small passageways of the affected organs

Question 9

Most common deficiency with cystic fibrosis

Answer 9

Pancreatic enzyme deficiency. Results in increased sodium and chloride Sweat concentrations

Question 10

Main diagnostic test for CF

Answer 10

Sweat chloride test

Question 11

CF GI Assessment findings

Answer 11

Meconium ileus in newborn
Steatorrhea
Fat soluble vitamin deficiency results and bruising and anemia
Malnutrition and growth failure
At risk for rectal prolapse 

Question 12

CF Integumentary assessment findings

Answer 12

High concentrations of sodium and chloride in sweat
Infant taste salty when kissed

Question 13

What is a normal chloride concentration in sweat?

Answer 13

Less than 40 mEq/L

Question 14

What is a positive result from the sweat chloride test?

Answer 14

Chloride concentration greater than 60 mEq/L

Question 15

Most important interventions/treatment for CF

Answer 15

1)Chest physiotherapy
2) Postural drainage
performed every four hours

Question 16

Why should you avoid giving cough suppressants to a child with CF?

Answer 16

They inhibit the expectoration of secretions

Question 17

When do you give pancreatic enzymes to a patient with CF?

Answer 17

Before all meals and snacks. DO NOT GIVE IF NPO

Question 18

Diet for CF

Answer 18

High protein, high calorie
Increase fat soluble vitamin intake

Question 19

Infectious mononucleosis

Answer 19

Epstein-Barr virus. Transmitted through saliva

Question 20

Infectious mononucleosis assessment findings

Answer 20

Fever, lethargy, sore throat
Swollen lymph nodes
Increased WBC
Hepatosplenomegaly
Atypical lymphocytes

Question 21

Interventions for infectious mononucleosis

Answer 21

Standard precautions
Provide supportive care
Fluids
Frequent rest periods 

Question 22

Pertussis transmission precautions 

Answer 22

Droplet precautions

Question 23

Pertussis assessment findings

Answer 23

Runny nose, congestion, sneezing, mild fever, mild cough
Coughing fits
“Whooping” sounds upon inspiration

Question 24

Pertussis interventions/prevention

Answer 24

DTaP, start giving at 2 months age.
Maternal Tdap in postpartum period
Antibiotics

Question 25

Green peak flow meter zone

Answer 25

80-100%
Breathing is fine
No signs of an asthma attack

Question 26

Yellow peak flow meter zone

Answer 26

50-80%
Breathing is hampered
Use rescue medication‘s
Recheck peak expiratory flow in 20 to 30 minutes

Question 27

Read peak flow meter zone

Answer 27

Below 50%
Breathing is labored or faster than normal
Breathlessness is a problem
Use quick release medication or nebulizer immediately and call the doctor or 911

Question 28

How to use a MDI with a spacer

Answer 28

1) Shake the medicine,
2) Insert the mouthpiece of the inhaler into the spacer,
3) Breathe all the air out of the lungs and make a tight seal around the spacer,
4) Press the inhaler down and breathe in slowly and deeply,
5) Hold your breath for 5 to 10 seconds. Breathe out slowly

Question 29

Mild persistent asthma management

Answer 29

Low-dose inhaled corticosteroid

Question 30

Mild persistent asthma

Answer 30

> 2 nights per month of nighttime symptoms

Question 31

Moderate persistent asthma

Answer 31

> 1 Night per week of nighttime symptoms
Daily attacks affecting activities

Question 32

Moderate persistent asthma management

Answer 32

Low to medium dose inhaled corticosteroid plus a long acting beta agonist

Question 33

Severe persistent asthma

Answer 33

Frequent nighttime symptoms
Continuous
Limited physical activity

Question 34

Severe persistent asthma management

Answer 34

High dose inhaled corticosteroid plus long acting beta agonist,
Oral anti-inflammatory if needed,
Oral glucocorticoid as needed