Week 4, Class 1 (9/20) Flashcards
Beta-thalassemia mainly affects who?
People of Mediterranean decent
Beta-thalassemia diagnosis
Low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels
Presentation: severe anemia, growth failure
Beta-thalassemia assessment findings
Before diagnosis: Pallor, unexplained fever, poor feeding
Progressive anemia: headache, signs of chronic hypoxia, anorexia, decreased exercise tolerance
Beta-thalassemia interventions
Treat with iron-chelating drugs, deferoxamine (Desferal)
Bone marrow transplantation is a potential cure
Blood transfusions
DIC hallmark signs
Simultaneous Bleeding and clotting
Due to trauma and sepsis
Secondary
Immune thrombocytopenia interventions
Educate caregivers that child will bruise easily
Immune thrombocytopenia assessment findings
Easy bruising
Petechiae
Ecchymoses (monitor closely)
Internal hemorrhage: Melena, Hematomas over lower extremities
Immune thrombocytopenia management
Primary supportive management
- IV immune globulin
- steriods
- Anti-D antibody
Epistaxis (Nosebleeds) managements
Sit up and lean forward (NOT BACK)
Apply pressure to the soft lower part of the nose
Diarrhea treatment
Rehydration with oral rehydration therapy before IV hydration
Avoid rectal temperatures
Monitor I&Os
Oral rehydration therapy
Weight based
Supplement with breast milk or formula if needed
Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea losses
Replaced with 1:1 ratio with 10mL/kg of ORS for each stool
Weigh diapers
Client education for diarrhea
AVOID fruit juices, carbonated sodas, gelatin.
AVOID caffeine and chicken or beef broth
Provide frequent skin care to prevent skin breakdown
-Use warm water and barrier cream
Clip nails and discourage nail biting or thumb sucking
Shower frequently
MILD clinical dehydration manifestations
Dry Mucous membranes
Sunken anterior fontanel
Behavior changes
Slight thirst
Cap refill >2 sec
Pulse and BP WNL
MODERATE Clinical dehydration manifestations
Pulse slightly increased, BP WNL
Slight tachypnea
Cap refill 2-4 sec
Irritability
Decreased tears, skin turgor
