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PSY1022 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

4 elements of a good hypothesis

A

logical
testable
refutable
positive

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2
Q

ethical guidelines used today

A

nuremberg code- 10 principles developed for the Nazi war crime trials

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3
Q

institutional review board (IRB)

A

committee charged with evaluating research projects in which human subjects are used

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4
Q

APA code of ethics

A 
beneficence and nonmaleficence 
fidelity and responsibility 
integrity 
justice 
respect for people's rights and dignity
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5
Q

minimal risk

A

placed under no more physical or emotional risk than would be encountered in daily life

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6
Q

Properties of measurement

A

identity
magnitude
equal unit size
absolute zero

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7
Q

identity

A

objects that are different receive different scores

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8
Q

magnitude

A

ordering of numbers reflects the ordering of the variable

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9
Q

equal unit site

A

a difference of 1 is the same throughout the entire scale

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10
Q

absolute zero

A

assigning a score of 0 indicates an absence of the variable being measured

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11
Q

levels of measurement

A

nominal scale
ordinal scale
interval scale
ratio scale

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12
Q

nominal scale

A

objects or individuals are assigned to categories that have no numerical properties

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13
Q

ordinal scale

A

objects or individuals are categorised, and the categories form a rank order along a continuum

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14
Q

interval scale

A

units of measurement (intervals) between the numbers on the scale are all equal in size

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15
Q

ratio scale

A

in addition to order and equal units of measurement, an absolute zero indicates the absence of the variable being measured

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16
Q

aptitude test

A

potential to do something

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17
Q

achievement test

A

competence in an area

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18
Q

observed score

A

true score + measurement error

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19
Q

reliability

A

true score / (true score + error score)

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20
Q

no error

A

reliability is 1.00

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21
Q

as error increases

Study These Flashcards
A

reliability drops below 1.00

22
Q

correlation coefficient

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A

a measure of the degree of relationship between two sets of scores
can vary between -1.00 to 1.00

23
Q

strong

24
Q

moderate

25
none (.00) to weak
+/- .00-.29
26
test/retest reliability
assessing the degree of relationship between scores on the same test administered on two different occasions
27
Alternate-forms reliability
assessing the degree of relationship between scores on two equivalent tests using alternate forms of the testing instrument
28
split-half reliability
correlating scores on one half of a measure with scores on the other half of the measure
29
interrater reliability
assesses the agreement of observations made by two or more raters or judges
30
interrater reliability formula
(number of agreements/number of possible agreements) x 100
31
content validity
extent to which a measuring instrument covers all dimensions of a construct face validity
32
criterion validity
extent to which a measuring instrument accurately predicts behaviour or ability in a given area concurrent and predictive validity
33
concurrent validity
test is used to estimate present performance | is a new measure consistent with other more established measures of the same variable
34
predictive validity
test is used to predict future performance | can a tool predict future performance
35
construct validity
degree to which a measuring instrument accurately measures a theoretical construct or trait that it is designed to measure
36
reliable or valid?
a test can be reliable and not valid, but if it is valid it is by default reliable
37
declaration of helsinki
research with humans should follow lab and animal research researchers must be competent benefit should outweigh risk
38
national research act
mandated formal review boards
39
belmont report
recognised principles of seeking justice importance of conducting research in a way that distributes risks and benefits fairly across different groups at societal level defined key ethical principles to guide human research
40
extraneous variables
variables which may change across treatment groups or affect specific participants and therefore affect the dependent variable, causing unwanted effects
41
confounding variables
systematically differs between groups
42
cronbrach's a
quantitative | mean of all possible split-half correlations for a set of items
43
parallel form reliability
ensures that alternative forms of the small scale or measure are similar or equivalent in their assessment of a construct
44
cohen's k
categorical
45
convergent validity
criteria can also include other measures of the same construct
46
discriminant validity
extent to which scores on a measure are not correlated with measures of variables that are conceptually distinct
47
main principles of belmont report
autonomy beneficence justice
48
APS code of ethics
``` respect propriety integrity beneficence justice ```
49
omission deception
taking something away | placebo
50
commission deception
adding people on that are confederated without telling participants
51
non directional
expect that there will be a difference between variables, but don't know the direction or difference
52
method error
stem from the experimenter and testing situation | measuring equipment working and use

PSY1022 (12 decks)

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