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PSY1022 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

humorism

A 
hippocrates 
an individual's personality is the result of the balance of four humors
yellow bile 
black bile 
phlegm 
blood
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2
Q

yellow bile

A

personality type: choleric

personality characteristics: dominant and short tempered

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3
Q

black bile

A

pt: melancholic
pc: quiet and reflective

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4
Q

phlegm

A

pt: phlegmatic
pc: calm and agreeable

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5
Q

blood

A

pt: sanguine
pc: cheerful and energetic

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6
Q

psychodynamic approach

A

freud
conflicts among id, ego and superego structures and our efforts to find balance among what each of them ‘desires’ determines how we behave and approach the world

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7
Q

ego

A

take sensible actions that are balanced by input from id

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8
Q

id

A

strong basic impulses

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9
Q

superego

A

moral rules

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10
Q

psychosexual stages of development- freud

A

oral: birth-1
anal: 1-3
phallic: 3-6
latency: 6-puberty
genital: puberty-death

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11
Q

oral stage

A

mouth

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12
Q

anal stage

A

anus
child is now fully aware that they are a person in their own right and that their wishes can bring them into conflict with the demands of the outside world

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13
Q

phallic stage

A

genitals
child becomes aware of sexual differences
process of identification- adopts characteristics of same sex parent

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14
Q

latency stage

A

no further psychosexual development takes place
sexual impulses are repressed
sexual energy sublimated to other endeavours like school and friends

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15
Q

genital stage

A

begins in puberty

directed to interperson sexual pleasure rather than sexual pleasure that was during phallic stage

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16
Q

traits

A

enduring and relatively permanent personality characteristics that are distinguished along a trait continuum

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17
Q

Allport

A

organised traits into hierachy levels: cardinal, central, secondary

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18
Q

cardinal traits

A

dominate and shape individual behaviour

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19
Q

central traits

A

general characteristics

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20
Q

secondary traits

A

only present under specific circumstances

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21
Q

Cattell

A

condense trait list down to 16 dimensions of human personality traits
developed 16PF

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22
Q

Eysenck

A 
people have specific personality dimensions 
personality largely governed by biology
extraversion vs introversion 
neuroticism vs stability 
psychoticism vs socialisation
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23
Q

Eysenck- extraversion

A

caused by variability in cortical arousal

introverts have higher level in this area

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24
Q

5 factor personality model

A

Costa and McCrae

openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism

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25
Social cognitive approach
emphasises conscious cognitive processes such as thoughts and beliefs and how these interact with our emotions and the environment to predict behaviour
26
Skinner
functional analysis
27
Walter Mischel
individual behaviour reliant on situational cues
28
Bandura
social learning theory | reciprocal determinism
29
reciprocal determinism:
cognitive processes, behaviour and context all interact, each factor simultaneously influencing and being influenced by others
30
Rotter
process of learning creates expectancies that guide future behaviour
31
locus of control
our beliefs about the power we have over our lives
32
internal locus of control
expect situations to be fully controlled by their own efforts
33
external locus of control
expect that events will be directed by environmental factors out of their control
34
Rogers
individuals driven towards seeking congruence in 3 areas: self image self worth ideal self
35
Maslow
human tendency towards growth and self actualisation individuals are motivated to achieve certain needs either through a sense of deficiency (deficiency motivation) or a desire for personal growth (growth motivation)
36
Sheldon
personality can be determined by body shape and size, somatology endomorphs- solid build ectomorphs- skinny
37
endomorphs
assertive and bold
38
ectomorphs
introverted and intellectual
39
projective personality tests
based on psychodynamic approach rorschach inkblot test thematic apperception test (TAT)
40
Rorschach inkblot test
projective test | rorschach
41
TAT
murray and morgan
42
objective personality tests
administered and scored in standardised manner Neuroticism-extraversion-openness personality inventory (NEO-PI) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
43
NEO-PI
Costa and McCrae based on big five personality traits: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism
44
MMPI
assess psychopathology
45
Eros
part of id | life instincts that promote positive, constructive behaviour and reflect a source of energy known as libido
46
libido
parts of id | the psychic energy contained in id
47
defence mechanisms
psychological responses that help protect a person from anxiety and guilt
48
repression
unconsciously pushing threatening memories, urges or ideas from conscious awareness
49
rationalism
attempting to make actions or mistakes seem reasonabel
50
projection
unconsciously attributing one's own unacceptable thoughts or impulses to another person
51
reaction formation
defending against unacceptable impulses by acting opposite to them
52
sublimation
converting unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable actions and perhaps expressing them symbolically
53
displacement
deflecting an impulse from its original target to a less threatening one
54
denial
simply discounting the existence of threatening impulses
55
compensation
striving to make up for unconscious impulses or fears
56
fixation oral stage
overeating childlike dependence (late weaning) 'biting' sarcasm (early weaning)
57
fixation anal stage
stinginess or excessive neatness (toilet training too early/harsh) disorganised or impulsive (toilet training too late/lax)
58
oedipal complex
young girl develops an attachment to her father and competes with her mother for his attention
59
electra complex
young girl develops an attachment to her father and competes with her mother for his attention
60
fixation phallic stage
difficulty dealing with authority figures | inability to maintain a stable love relationship
61
Jung's analytical theory
libido not sexual, more general life force no specific stages of development collective unconscious
62
collective unconscious
memories we have inherited from our human and non human ancestors responsible for our innate tendencies to react
63
alder
power behind personality development from an innate desire to overcome infantile feelings of helplessness and to gain some control over the environment striving for superiority
64
erikson, fromm and sullivan
once our biological needs are met, the attempt to meet social needs creates personality
65
horney
men envy women womb envy women do not get penis envy
66
object relations
how peoples perceptions of themselves and others influence their view of and reactions to the world
67
trait approach; 3 basic assumptions
relatively stable and predictable over time relatively stable across situations people differ in how much of a particular personality trait they possess
68
traits
quantitative differences among people | how much of a certain characteristic they have
69
types
qualitative differences | whether someone possesses a certain characteristic at all
70
Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory
differences among people in introverson-extraversion and emotionality-stability originate in brain areas containing systems that influence how sensitive people are to different kinds of events BAS FSS
71
BAS- Gray
affects peoples sensitivity to rewards and their motivation to seek those rewards how impulsive or uninhibited a person is
72
FSS- Gray
affects how sensitive people are to potential punishment and the motivation to avoid being punished
73
Extraverts- Gray
sensitive BAS and insensitive FSS
74
Introverts- Gray
Insensitive BAS and sensitive FSS
75
Emotionally unstable
sensitive to both
76
Mischel's cognitive-affective theory conclusions
personal dispositions influence behaviour only in relevant situations personal dispositions can lead to behaviours that alter situations, and those altered situations in turn promote other behaviours people choose to be in situations that are in tune with their personal dispositions personal dispositions are more important in some situations than in others
77
anal retentive
fixation during anal stage
78
denial vs repression
denial is conscious | repression is unconscious
79
Humanistic- 6 factors of growth
``` congruence empathy UPR contact client incongruence or vulnerability client perception ```

PSY1022 (12 decks)

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