Week 7

Question 1

probability sampling

Answer 1

random selection
stratified random
cluster sampling

Question 2

nonprobability sampling

Answer 2

convenience and quota sampling

Question 3

convenience sampling aka

Answer 3

haphazard sampling

Question 4

quota sampling

Answer 4

ensuring that the sample is like the population on certain characteristics but uses convenience sampling to obtain the participants

Question 5

predictive (relational) methods

Answer 5

correlational method

quasi experimental method

Question 6

ecological validity

Answer 6

extent to which research can be generalised to real life situation

Question 7

expectancy effects

Answer 7

influence of the researcher’s expectations on the outcome of the study

Question 8

undisguised observation

Answer 8

subjects are aware that the researcher is observing their behaviour

Question 9

nonparticipant observation

Answer 9

studies in which the researcher does not participate in the situation in which the research subjects are involved

Question 10

participant observation

Answer 10

researcher actively participates in the situation in which the research subjects are involved

Question 11

disguised observation

Answer 11

subjects are unaware that the researcher is observing their behaviour

Question 12

static item

Answer 12

type of item on checklist on which attributes that will not change are recorded (gender, race, age)

Question 13

action item

Answer 13

notes the presence or absence of behaviours

Question 14

archival method

Answer 14

a descriptive research method that involves describing data that existed before the time of the study
Problem of reactivity is minimised because the data have already been collected
Less time consuming

Question 15

standardised interview

Answer 15

somewhat formal; questions asked in a specific order

Question 16

semistandardised interview

Answer 16

some structure; wording is flexible’ level of language may be modified; provide further explanation is requested; more flexible

Question 17

unstandardised interview

Answer 17

completely unstructured; no set order to the questions not a set wording

Question 18

action research

Answer 18

Research is conducted by a group of people to identify a problem, attempt to resolve it and then assess how successful their efforts were

Question 19

action research 3 phases

Answer 19

Looking: gather info; identify problem and stakeholders
Thinking: thinking about the problem; gather info to answer the question posed; analyse and interpret the data
Action: action taken to improve the lives of participants

Question 20

double barreled question

Answer 20

asks more than one thing

Question 21

response bias in a survey

Answer 21

consistently give same answer to almost all the items on a survey; yea-saying or nay-saying

Question 22

dillman’s question arrangement

Answer 22

Present related questions in subsets
Sensitive topics at end of subset
Demographic questions at end of survey

Question 23

magnitude

Answer 23

indication of the strength of the relationship between two variables
Magnitude or strength of a relationship is determined by the correlation coefficient

Question 24

strong

Answer 24

+/- .7-1

Question 25

moderate

Answer 25

+/- .3-.69

Question 26

none (0) to weak

Answer 26

+/- .00 to .29

Question 27

Curvilinear relationship

Answer 27

Correlation coefficient of 0 Strong positive relationship depicted in the left half of the graph essentially cancels out the strong negative relationship in the right half of the graph

Question 28

partial correlation

Answer 28

a correlation technique that involves measuring three variables and then statistically removing the effect of the third variable form the correlation of the remaining two variables

Question 29

person-who argument

Answer 29

arguing that a well-established statistical trend is invalid because we know a ‘person who’ went against the trend

Question 30

law of large numbers

Answer 30

a large sample will be more representative than a small sample

Question 31

good sample size

Answer 31

25-30 individuals for each group or treatment condition

Question 32

predictor variable

Answer 32

the first variable

Question 33

criterion variable

Answer 33

second variable (Being explained or predicted)

Question 34

intermedial relationship

Answer 34

linear relationship but more variability of x and y from line of best fit

Question 35

correlation coefficient describes

Answer 35

direction, form, consistency of strength (r)

Question 36

mediating variable

Answer 36

increasing impact of predictor variable on criterion variable

Question 37

moderating variable

Answer 37

explaining the relationship between the two variables