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GINME > Week 4: Glycolysis and pyruvate > Flashcards

Week 4: Glycolysis and pyruvate Flashcards

1
Q

glucose

A

Glucose + ATP -hexokinase(same in RBCs)-> glucose-6-phosphate

trapping glucose in the cell

^[glucose-6-phosphate] -| hexokinase

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2
Q

Glucose-6-phosphate to

A

Glucose-6-phosphate <-phosphoglucoisomerase-> fructose-6-phosphate (ketose)

reversible reaction

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3
Q

fructose-6-phosphate AKA

A

Ketose

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4
Q

fructose-6-phosphate

A

fructose-6-phosphate + ATP -PFK-1-> fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

PFK-1 activity is regulated by [ATP]

^[ATP] inhibits PFK-1

^[AMP] activates PFK-1

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5
Q

hexokinase is regulated by?

A

^[glucose-6-phosphate] inhibit

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6
Q

Glycolysis order of substrates

A
  • Glucose
  • glucose-6-phosphate
  • fructose-6-phosphate
  • fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
  • dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) +glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
  • 2x glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

(the following reactions occur once per G-3-P) so x2

  • 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate
  • 3-phosphoglycerate
  • 2-phosphoglycerate
  • Phosphoenolpyruvate
  • pyruvate
  • Net 2 ATP
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7
Q

Glycolysis step 1 reaction

A

Glucose +ATP -hexokinase-> glucose-6-phosphate +ADP

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8
Q

Glycolysis step 1 products

A

glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

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9
Q

Glycolysis step 1 enzyme

A

hexokinase

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10
Q

Glycolysis step 1 reactants

A

glucose + ATP

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11
Q

Glycolysis step 2 reaction

A

Glucose-6-phosphate <-phosphoglucoisomerase-> fructose-6-phosphate

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12
Q

Glycolysis step 2 reversibility

A

Reversible

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13
Q

Glycolysis step 1 reversibility

A

Irreversible

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14
Q

Glycolysis step 2 reactants

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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15
Q

Glycolysis step 2 enzymes

A

phosphoglucoisomerase

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16
Q

Glycolysis step 2 products

A

fructose-6-phosphate

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17
Q

Glycolysis step 3 reaction

A

Fructose-6-phosphate + ATP -phosphofructokinase-1-> fructose-1, 6-bisphophate + ADP

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18
Q

Glycolysis step 1 regulation

A

high [glucose-6-phosphate] inhibits hexokinase

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19
Q

Glycolysis step 2 regulation

A

concentration driven

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20
Q

Glycolysis step 3 regulation

A

High [ATP] inhibits PFK-1

High [AMP] activates PFK-1

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21
Q

Glycolysis step 3 enzymes

A

phosphofructokinase-1

or

PFK-1

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22
Q

Glycolysis step 3 reactants

A

fructose-6-phosphate + ATP

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23
Q

Glycolysis step 3 products

A

fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate + ADP

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24
Q

Glycolysis step 3 reversibility

A

Irreversible

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25
Glycolysis step 4 reaction
fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate -aldolase-\> dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) -triose isomerase-\> glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) = 2x glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
26
Glycolysis step 4 reactants
fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate
27
Glycolysis step 4 enzymes
Aldolase Triose isomerase
28
Glycolysis step 4 products
dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP) + glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) -triose isomerase-\> 2x G3P
29
Glycolysis step 4 regulation
30
Glycolysis step 4 reversibility
doesn't seem reversible
31
Glycolysis step 5 reaction
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+ -G-3-P Dehydrogenase-\> 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate \*(this happens 2x, once for each G3P)\* \*In RBC in high altitude\* 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate -bisphosphoglycerate isomerase-\> 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (2, 3-BPG)
32
Glycolysis step 5 reactants
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+
33
Glycolysis step 5 enzymes
* G-3-P Dehydrogenase * \*In RBC in high altitude\* bisphosphoglycerate isomerase
34
Glycolysis step 5 products
* 1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate \*happens 2x\* * \*In RBC in high altitude\* 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate (2, 3-BPG)
35
Glycolysis step 5 reversibility
Doesn't seem reversible
36
Glycolysis step 5 regulation
probably product driven
37
Glycolysis step 6 Reaction
1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP -phosphoglycerate kinase-\> 3-phosphoglycerate + ATP \*ATP generating step\* \*Happens 2x overall\*
38
Glycolysis step 6 reactants
1, 3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP
39
Glycolysis step 6 enzymes
phosphoglycerate kinase
40
Glycolysis step 6 products
3-phosphoglycerate + ATP
41
Glycolysis step 6 regulation
probably product driven maybe ATP???
42
Glycolysis step 6 reversibility
creates ATP so probably not reversible
43
Glycolysis step 7 Reaction
3-phosphoglycerate -phosphoglycerate mutase-\> 2-phosphoglycerate
44
Glycolysis step 7 reactants
3-phosphoglycerate
45
Glycolysis step 7 enzymes
phosphoglycerate mutase
46
Glycolysis step 7 products
2-phosphoglycerate
47
Glycolysis step 7 regulation
maybe product driven?
48
Glycolysis step 7 reversibility
seems reversible?
49
Glycolysis step 8 Reaction
2-phosphoglycerate -enolase-\> phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O Basically charges the phosphate group by removing H2O
50
Glycolysis step 8 reactants
2-phosphoglycerate
51
Glycolysis step 8 enzymes
52
Glycolysis step 8 products
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + H2O
53
Glycolysis step 8 regulation
?
54
Glycolysis step 8 reversibility
just a dehydration reaction so probably reversible
55
Glycolysis step 9 Reaction
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP -pyruvate kinase-\> pyruvate + ATP
56
Glycolysis step 9 reactants
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP
57
Glycolysis step 9 enzymes
pyruvate kinase
58
Glycolysis step 9 products
pyruvate + ATP
59
Glycolysis step 9 regulation
IDK
60
Glycolysis step 9 reversibility
probably not because it generates ATP
61
Pyruvate Fate
**can be processed into acetyl CoA and entered into the TCA cycle** or **in an anaerobic state or all the time in RBCs** pyruvate + NADH -\> lactate dehydrogenase-\> lactate + NAD+ \*to regenerate NAD+ from NADH otherwise glycolysis would be halted from lack of NAD+\*
62
Lactate fate
to blood and is a very important substrate for gluconeogenesis in the liver

GINME (63 decks)

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