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GINME > Week 8: Endocrine Pathology > Flashcards

Week 8: Endocrine Pathology Flashcards

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1
Q

Features of endocrine glands

A
  • Lack ducts
  • Secrete biologically active products into the blood
  • Deliver hormones to target cells via receptors throughout the body
  • Feedback mechanism to control hormone secretion
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2
Q

Features of exocrine glands

A
  • Have ducts
  • maintain contact with body surface through a duct
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3
Q

List of Endocrine organs

8 listed

A
  • pituitary gland
  • Thyroid
  • Parathyroid
  • Adrenal gland
  • Pancreas
  • Ovaries
  • Testicles
  • pineal gland
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4
Q

Pituitary gland parts

A
  • Adenohypohysis (anterior part)
  • Neurohypohysis (posterior part)
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5
Q

Anterior pituitary secretes

6 listed

A
  • ACTH
  • GH
  • FSH
  • LH
  • TSH
  • Prolactin
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6
Q

Posterior pituitary secretes

2 listed

A
  • Oxytocin
  • ADH
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7
Q

Adenohyphohysis

A

anterior pituitary

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8
Q

Neurohyphohysis

A

Posterior pituitary

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9
Q

Parts of the neurohyphohysis

A

Pars Nervosa

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10
Q

Adenohyphohysis parts

3 listed

A
  • Pars Tuberalis
  • Pars Intermediate
  • Pars Tuberalis
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11
Q

Anterior pituitary cell types

A
  • Acidophil cells
  • Basophils
  • Chromophobes
  • capillaries
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12
Q

Pituitary adenomas are composed of?

A

neoplastic pituitary cells

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13
Q

Pituitary adenomas characteristics

A
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14
Q

WHO classifications of Pituitary Adenomas

A
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15
Q

Prolactin secreting adenomas symptoms

A
  • Hyperprolactinemia
  • lactation
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16
Q

GH secreting adenomas symptoms

A
  • Acromegaly
  • Gigantism
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17
Q

ACTH secreting adenomas symptoms

A

Cushing’s Disease

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18
Q

TSH secreting adenomas symptoms

A

Secondary thyrotoxicosis

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19
Q

Normal vs pituitary adenoma

A
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20
Q

Normal pituitary vs pituitary adenoma histology and the reticulin stain

A

reticulin is fragmented

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21
Q

Pituitary adenoma and serological staining

A
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22
Q

Thyroid gland congenital absence

A

irreversible neurological damage in the infant (cretinism)

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23
Q

Thyroid gland characterisitcs

A
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24
Q

The thyroid gland is composed of?

A

Millions of rounded epithelial thyroid follicles of variable diameter

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25
Thyroid function
Synthesizes the thyroid hormones * Thyroxine (T4) * Tri-iodothyronine (T3) * Polypeptide hormone Calcitonin Stores large quantities of product for up to 3 months without further synthesis
26
Thyroid histology
27
Thyroid histology
28
Thyroid histology
29
Thyroid histology
30
Features of thyroid gland histology
31
What is Hashimoto's Thyroiditis?
32
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Histological features
33
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Histological features
34
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Histological features
35
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Histological features
36
What is Grave's Disease?
37
Grave's Disease histological features
38
Grave's Disease histological features
39
Grave's Disease histological features
40
What is multinodular goiter?
41
Multinodular goiter histological features
42
Multinodular goiter histological features
43
Multinodular goiter histological features
44
Multinodular goiter histological features
45
Describe thyroid cancers
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common and is most common in females with a very good survival W/ a gritty dystrophic calcifications are common
46
Papillary thyroid carcinoma histological features
47
Papillary thyroid carcinoma histological features
48
Papillary thyroid carcinoma histological features
49
Papillary thyroid carcinoma histological features
50
Papillary thyroid carcinoma histological features
51
Parathyroid glands characteristics
there are 4 of them (2 on each lobe) (2 superior and 2 inferior)
52
PArathyroid gland cell types
53
Parathyroid glands secrete
PTH to maintain the concentration of Ca2+ within normal limits
54
Parathyroid gland adenoma vs hyperplasia
55
Parathyroid adenoma histological features
1 enlarged parathyroid gland
56
Parathyroid hyperplasia histological features
all of them are proliferative
57
Hypercellular parathyroid histological features
58
Parathyroid gland histological features
59
Types of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid
* Follicular adenoma * Follicular carcinoma
60
Follicular adenoma histological features
Encapsulated tumor surrounded by variable thick fibrous connective tissue capsule
61
Follicular carcinoma histological features
* Capsular invasion * vascular invasion
62
Follicular neoplasm (carcinoma) histological features
63
Describe medullary carcinoma of the thyroid
from parafollicular C cells
64
medullary carcinoma histological features
* Round oval spindled to plasmacytoid cells * Stippled, fine, uniform clear chromatin * Significant lymph-vascular invasion
65
Histological features of medullary carcinoma
66
Adrenal glands features
67
Adrenal glands zones
* Zona glomerulosa * Zona fasciculata * Zona reticularis * medulla
68
Zona glomerulosa histological features
69
Zona fasciculata histological features
70
Zona reticularis histological features
71
Medulla histological features
72
Describe Pheochromocytoma
73
Pheochromocytoma histological features
74
Pheochromocytoma histological features
75
Pheochromocytoma histological features
76
Describe adrenocortical carcinoma
77
adrenocortical carcinoma histological features
78
adrenocortical carcinoma histological features
79
Describe adrenocortical adenoma
80
adrenocortical adenoma histological features
81
adrenocortical adenoma histological features
82
adrenocortical adenoma histological features
83
adrenocortical adenoma histological features
84
Pancreas features and cell types and their products
85
Pancreas cell types histology
86
Describe Pancreatic Neuroendocrine tumors
87
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine tumors types
88
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine tumors gross histology
89
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine tumors histological features
90
MEN AKA
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
91
Types of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
92
MEN1 inheritance pattern
Autosomal dominant Menin gene (tumor suppressor gene) can be germline mutation in Menin gene needs defects in both tumor suppressor genes to see tumor production
93
94
MEN1 features
95
MEN1 vulnerable cells/tissues
96
Pancreatic abnormalities in MEN1
97
Parathyroid abnormalities in MEN1
98
Pituitary abnormalities in MEN1
99
Summary of MEN1
100
MEN2 inheritance pattern
Autosomal dominant
101
MEN2 types
MEN2A MEN2B Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC)
102
What is MEN2
103
Genetics of MEN2 syndromes
104
MEN2A description
105
MEN2B features
106
Hallmark of MEN2
107
Features of sporadic MTC
108
Features of hereditary MTC
109
MTC AKA
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
110
Features of FMTC
111
FMTC AKA
Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
112
Features of FMTC
113
Features of MEN2A only
114
Features of MEN2B
115
More features of MEN2B
116
Mucosal Neuroma histological features
117
Biochemical Dx of MTC
118
Biochemical Dx of Pheochromocytoma
119
Biochemical Dx of parathyroid adenoma
120
When should RET testing be considered?
121
Prophylactic thyroidectomy in RET mutation carriers
122
MEN2 Summary
123
Types of paraneoplastic syndromes
* Ectopic ACTH * Ectopic ADH * Ectopic PTH-RP
124
Features of Ectopic ACTH paraneoplastic syndrome
125
Features of Ectopic ADH paraneoplastic syndrome
126
Features of Ectopic PTh-RP paraneoplastic syndrome
127
Paraneoplastic syndromes summary

GINME (63 decks)

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