Week 4 Respiratory Disorders

Question 1

three shelflike structures that increase surface area and warm and humidify air

Answer 1

nasal conchae

Question 2

____ and ____ drain into the nasal cavity

Answer 2

4 paranasal sinuses
lacrimal sacs (via lacrimal ducts)

Question 3

air and food pass through the ____ on their way to the lungs & stomach respectively

Answer 3

pharynx

Question 4

____ contains the tonsils and the eustachian tubes

Answer 4

the pharynx

Question 5

3 parts of the pharynx

Answer 5

nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

Question 6

voice box

Answer 6

larynx

Question 7

two short, fibrous bands that stretch across the interior of the larynx

Answer 7

vocal cords

Question 8

passageway for air to reach the lungs; extends from the larynx in the neck to the bronchi in the chest cavity

Answer 8

trachea

Question 9

____ function in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood circulating through the lung capillaries and air

Answer 9

alveoli

Question 10

very thin barrier between blood and air in each alveolus

Answer 10

respiratory membrane

Question 11

a small, central space in the chest which remains open for the heart, large blood vessels, thymus, and esophagus

Answer 11

mediastinum

Question 12

Deep grooves which subdivide each lung into lobes

Answer 12

fissures

Question 13

the right lung has ___ lobes, the left has ___ lobes

Answer 13

three; two

Question 14

inflammation of the nasal passage; can be caused by an infection or chemical irritant

Answer 14

rhinitis

Question 15

chronic rhinitis is usually due to ____

Answer 15

allergies

Question 16

inflammation of a sinus in a bone

Answer 16

sinusitis

Question 17

inflammation of the pharynx

Answer 17

pharyngitis

Question 18

inflammation of the larynx

Answer 18

laryngitis

Question 19

more than 200 viruses are known to cause ____

Answer 19

the common cold

Question 20

inflammation of the trachea; commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Answer 20

tracheitis

Question 21

tracheitis is especially dangerous for ____

Answer 21

young children

Question 22

inflammation of the bronchi; usually follows a viral respiratory infection

Answer 22

bronchitis

Question 23

____ is usually accompanied by excessive mucus production and a productive cough

Answer 23

chronic bronchitis

Question 24

bronchi are hypersensitive to stimuli; causes irritation of the mucous lining of the bronchi which causes the bronchi to swell shut

Answer 24

asthma

Question 25

exacerbation usually caused by pollen, dust, mold spores, animal dander, foods (eggs, shellfish, chocolate)

Answer 25

asthma

Question 26

inflammation of the lungs due to infection

Answer 26

pneumonia

Question 27

____ pneumonia affects a single lobe of the lung

Answer 27

lobar

Question 28

____ pneumonia affects small lung areas in several lobes

Answer 28

bronchial

Question 29

____ pneumonia affects the alveoli

Answer 29

interstitial

Question 30

inflammation of the pleura due to infection

Answer 30

pleurisy

Question 31

a collection of pus in a body cavity, especially the pleural space

Answer 31

empyema

Question 32

highly contagious disease that causes lesions to form in the lungs

Answer 32

tuberculosis

Question 33

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be multi-drug resistant and has a ____ coating that allows it to survive for long periods of time in dried sputum or blood

Answer 33

waxy coating

Question 34

tuberculosis can cause tissue surrounding tubercles to become necrotic and form a white tissue which is called ____ and can also cause ____

Answer 34

caseation cavitation

Question 35

infiltration of the lungs with various forms of dust

Answer 35

pneumoconiosis

Question 36

mineral dusts trapped in the respiratory system cause ____ to accumulate

Answer 36

macrophages

Question 37

4 types of pneumoconiosis

Answer 37

Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis / Black lung disease (coal dust) Silicosis (crystalline silica) Asbestosis (asbestos) Berylliosis (beryllium)

Question 38

an incomplete expansion of the lung; results in inadequate oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

Answer 38

atelectasis

Question 39

type of atelectasis due to trachea or bronchi becoming blocked

Answer 39

obstructive

Question 40

type of atelectasis due to loss of contact between parietal pleura and visceral pleura, compression, loss of surfactant, replacement of lung tissue by scarring, accumulation of blood or fluid in the pleural cavity, penetrating trauma, or air trapped in the pleural space

Answer 40

non-obstructive

Question 41

air trapped around the lungs prevents lungs from fully expanding

Answer 41

pneumothorax

Question 42

blood trapped around the lungs prevents lungs from fully expanding

Answer 42

hemothorax

Question 43

chronic inflammation of the respiratory system + air pockets forming at the terminal ends of the bronchioles

Answer 43

emphysema

Question 44

walls of the alveolar sacs become desiccated and tear; person cannot properly exhale and barrel chest develops

Answer 44

emphysema

Question 45

usually a secondary disease brought on by smoking, infections, or pneumoconiosis

Answer 45

emphysema

Question 46

area of inflamed, pus-filled tissue in the lung caused by infection usually caused by inhaled bacteria

Answer 46

lung abscess

Question 47

fungal diseases are often a complication associated with ____

Answer 47

AIDS

Question 48

fungal disease which can cause lesions in the bronchi and lungs

Answer 48

Aspergillosis

Question 49

fungal diseases which can cause respiratory failure (2)

Answer 49

fungal meningitis, fungal pneumonia

Question 50

fungal disease which can cause lesions in the lungs and COPD

Answer 50

Histoplasmosis

Question 51

separation of the two sides of the lip; may include the bones of the upper jaw

Answer 51

cleft lip

Question 52

two sides of the palate fail to fuse during fetal development; results in an opening between the palatine bones that form the roof of the mouth

Answer 52

cleft palate

Question 53

terminal and congenital disease in which cells cannot properly release chloride

Answer 53

cystic fibrosis

Question 54

results in a salt imbalance; cells produce a thick, sticky mucus that clogs the lungs and leads to infections, blocks the pancreas, and blocks digestive enzymes from reaching the intestine

Answer 54

cystic fibrosis

Question 55

causes a distinct bright red discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes because of carboxyhemoglobin in the blood

Answer 55

carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 56

an asphyxia which may be associated with congestion of the veins of the face, facial edema, cyanosis, petechial hemorrhages of the face and eyes, and ligature marks on the neck

Answer 56

hanging / strangulation

Question 57

may be associated with vomit, sand, silt, or sewage in the respiratory system; diving reflex associated with cold water may constrict blood vessels; may be associated with pulmonary edema

Answer 57

drowning

Question 58

bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen; usually intravascular

Answer 58

cyanosis