Week 3 Digestive Disorders

Question 1

process consisting of physical and chemical changes that prepare nutrients for absorption

Answer 1

digestion

Question 2

protein molecules that act as catalysts

Answer 2

enzymes

Question 3

speed up specific chemical reactions

Answer 3

catalysts

Question 4

the process by which molecules of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, are absorbed into the body

Answer 4

absorption

Question 5

Large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs located in it

Answer 5

peritoneum

Question 6

structure made of muscle lined with mucous membrane; located behind the nasal cavities and mouth (functions in the respiratory system and digestive system)

Answer 6

pharynx

Question 7

muscular, mucus-lined tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach; functions in pushing food toward the stomach

Answer 7

esophagus

Question 8

large, expandable pouch that ingested material enters after it has been chewed, swallowed, and passed through the esophagus; located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity just under the diaphragm

Answer 8

stomach

Question 9

three parts of the stomach

Answer 9

fundus, body, pylorus

Question 10

stomach lies in folds called ____ when it is empty

Answer 10

rugae

Question 11

muscle contractions that push food through the GI tract

Answer 11

peristalsis

Question 12

the part of the GI tract that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Answer 12

small intestine

Question 13

C-shaped portion of the small intestine that curves around the pancreas

Answer 13

duodenum

Question 14

small intestine is roughly ___ feet long and functions in ____ and ____

Answer 14

20
digestion and absorption

Question 15

ingested food changes to a more solid consistency in the ____ as water and salts are reabsorbed

Answer 15

large intestine

Question 16

material that escapes digestion in the small intestine is acted on by beneficial bacteria from the ____ of the large intestine

Answer 16

microbiome

Question 17

a wormlike tubular structure that serves as a container for nonpathogenic intestinal bacteria (attached to cecum)

Answer 17

vermiform appendix

Question 18

sections of the large intestine

Answer 18

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 19

substance that reduces large lipid globules into smaller droplets of lipid that are more easily broken down

Answer 19

bile

Question 20

large, multilobed exocrine gland in the right upper abdominal quadrant, produces bile and has many metabolic functions

Answer 20

liver

Question 21

hollow sac connected to the common bile duct that stores and concentrates bile

Answer 21

gallbladder

Question 22

gland located in the abdominal cavity; contains the enzymes that help with digestion

Answer 22

pancreas

Question 23

inflammation of the gums; common in cases of uncontrolled diabetes, in combination with hormonal changes, and with poor dental hygiene

Answer 23

gingivitis

Question 24

____ mineralizes into a hard deposit called tartar

Answer 24

plaque

Question 25

inflammation of the pharynx caused by a bacterial or viral infection

Answer 25

pharyngitis

Question 26

condition occurring when gastric contents are passively regurgitated into the esophagus; can cause malignancy

Answer 26

esophagitis

Question 27

inflammation of the stomach lining

Answer 27

gastritis

Question 28

____ can be from excessive alcohol consumption, prescription drugs, pernicious anemia, autoimmune disorders, bacteria, surgery, injury, burns, or infections

Answer 28

gastritis

Question 29

a localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membranes

Answer 29

ulcer

Question 30

____ ulcers are those that occur in the stomach lining or the lining of the small intestine

Answer 30

peptic ulcers

Question 31

ulcer in the stomach

Answer 31

gastric ulcer

Question 32

ulcer in the first part of the small intestine

Answer 32

duodenal ulcer

Question 33

if scar tissue forms on the portion of the stomach that leads into the duodenum, it may narrow the opening and cause a ____

Answer 33

pyloric stenosis

Question 34

mostly caused by helicobacter pylori (normal microflora); may also be caused by the use of aspirin / ibuprofen

Answer 34

ulcer

Question 35

if an ulcer perforates and the contents of the digestive tract leak into the abdominal cavity it can cause infection and ____

Answer 35

peritonitis

Question 36

inflammation of the intestine

Answer 36

enteritis

Question 37

caused by a bacterial infection by microorganisms ingested in contaminated food or water

Answer 37

enteritis

Question 38

inflammation of the large intestine; may be acute or chronic

Answer 38

colitis

Question 39

caused by a lack of blood flow to the large intestine

Answer 39

ischemic colitis

Question 40

inflammation of the appendix

Answer 40

appendicitis

Question 41

inflamed veins around the lower rectum, often result from straining to go to the bathroom

Answer 41

hemorrhoids

Question 42

inflammation of the liver; can be caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection

Answer 42

hepatitis

Question 43

risk factors for ____ include eating contaminated foods, unprotected sex, IV drug abuse, living in a nursing home, excessive alcohol consumption, organ transplants, AIDS, getting a tattoo, and working in a healthcare setting or funeral home

Answer 43

hepatitis

Question 44

chronic, degenerative disorder of the liver; may be caused by long-term alcoholism, poisoning, or hepatitis

Answer 44

cirrhosis

Question 45

formation of gallstones

Answer 45

cholelithiasis

Question 46

cholelithiasis is more common in men (T/F)

Answer 46

false (women)

Question 47

inflammation of the gallbladder; may be due to the presence of gallstones

Answer 47

cholecystitis

Question 48

inflammation of the bile duct

Answer 48

cholangitis

Question 49

inflammatory process by which the pancreas is digested by its own enzymes; can progress into hemorrhagic or necrotizing varieties

Answer 49

pancreatitis

Question 50

inflammation of the peritoneum

Answer 50

peritonitis

Question 51

infection present in abdomen without obvious rupture of an organ

Answer 51

primary peritonitis

Question 52

infection present in the abdomen from an organ ruptured by the infection

Answer 52

secondary peritonitis

Question 53

development of small sacs in the wall of the colon; asymptomatic unless they are inflamed

Answer 53

diverticulosis

Question 54

inflammation of the small sacs in the wall of the colon; can cause gangrene with the potential for perforation

Answer 54

diverticulitis

Question 55

abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the wall that normally contains it

Answer 55

hernia

Question 56

benign tumors of vascular organs containing a stem that attaches the tumor to surrounding tissue; may be surgically removed if they are malignant or if they occlude the organ

Answer 56

polyps

Question 57

yellow discoloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

Answer 57

jaundice (icterus)

Question 58

symptom caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood (breakdown product of hemoglobin); normally processed in the liver

Answer 58

jaundice

Question 59

occurs when the intestine twists on itself

Answer 59

volvulus

Question 60

one part of the intestine slipping into a previous segment (telescoping)

Answer 60

intussusception

Question 61

can occur as part of the healing process after an injury to part of the digestive tract

Answer 61

adhesion

Question 62

associated symptoms include: edema, jaundice, fever, bruising on abdomen, abscesses, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, accumulation of white blood cells, inflammatory exudate in the lungs

Answer 62

pancreatitis