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PIMS Pathology II > Week 3 Digestive Disorders > Flashcards

Week 3 Digestive Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

process consisting of physical and chemical changes that prepare nutrients for absorption

A

digestion

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2
Q

protein molecules that act as catalysts

A

enzymes

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3
Q

speed up specific chemical reactions

A

catalysts

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4
Q

the process by which molecules of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, are absorbed into the body

A

absorption

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5
Q

Large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs located in it

A

peritoneum

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6
Q

structure made of muscle lined with mucous membrane; located behind the nasal cavities and mouth (functions in the respiratory system and digestive system)

A

pharynx

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7
Q

muscular, mucus-lined tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach; functions in pushing food toward the stomach

A

esophagus

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8
Q

large, expandable pouch that ingested material enters after it has been chewed, swallowed, and passed through the esophagus; located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity just under the diaphragm

A

stomach

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9
Q

three parts of the stomach

A

fundus, body, pylorus

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10
Q

stomach lies in folds called ____ when it is empty

A

rugae

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11
Q

muscle contractions that push food through the GI tract

A

peristalsis

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12
Q

the part of the GI tract that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

A

small intestine

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13
Q

C-shaped portion of the small intestine that curves around the pancreas

A

duodenum

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14
Q

small intestine is roughly ___ feet long and functions in ____ and ____

A

20
digestion and absorption

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15
Q

ingested food changes to a more solid consistency in the ____ as water and salts are reabsorbed

A

large intestine

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16
Q

material that escapes digestion in the small intestine is acted on by beneficial bacteria from the ____ of the large intestine

A

microbiome

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17
Q

a wormlike tubular structure that serves as a container for nonpathogenic intestinal bacteria (attached to cecum)

A

vermiform appendix

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18
Q

sections of the large intestine

A

cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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19
Q

substance that reduces large lipid globules into smaller droplets of lipid that are more easily broken down

A

bile

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20
Q

large, multilobed exocrine gland in the right upper abdominal quadrant, produces bile and has many metabolic functions

A

liver

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21
Q

hollow sac connected to the common bile duct that stores and concentrates bile

A

gallbladder

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22
Q

gland located in the abdominal cavity; contains the enzymes that help with digestion

A

pancreas

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23
Q

inflammation of the gums; common in cases of uncontrolled diabetes, in combination with hormonal changes, and with poor dental hygiene

A

gingivitis

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24
Q

____ mineralizes into a hard deposit called tartar

A

plaque

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25
Q

inflammation of the pharynx caused by a bacterial or viral infection

A

pharyngitis

26
Q

condition occurring when gastric contents are passively regurgitated into the esophagus; can cause malignancy

A

esophagitis

27
Q

inflammation of the stomach lining

A

gastritis

28
Q

____ can be from excessive alcohol consumption, prescription drugs, pernicious anemia, autoimmune disorders, bacteria, surgery, injury, burns, or infections

A

gastritis

29
Q

a localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membranes

A

ulcer

30
Q

____ ulcers are those that occur in the stomach lining or the lining of the small intestine

A

peptic ulcers

31
Q

ulcer in the stomach

A

gastric ulcer

32
Q

ulcer in the first part of the small intestine

A

duodenal ulcer

33
Q

if scar tissue forms on the portion of the stomach that leads into the duodenum, it may narrow the opening and cause a ____

A

pyloric stenosis

34
Q

mostly caused by helicobacter pylori (normal microflora); may also be caused by the use of aspirin / ibuprofen

A

ulcer

35
Q

if an ulcer perforates and the contents of the digestive tract leak into the abdominal cavity it can cause infection and ____

A

peritonitis

36
Q

inflammation of the intestine

A

enteritis

37
Q

caused by a bacterial infection by microorganisms ingested in contaminated food or water

A

enteritis

38
Q

inflammation of the large intestine; may be acute or chronic

A

colitis

39
Q

caused by a lack of blood flow to the large intestine

A

ischemic colitis

40
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

41
Q

inflamed veins around the lower rectum, often result from straining to go to the bathroom

A

hemorrhoids

42
Q

inflammation of the liver; can be caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection

A

hepatitis

43
Q

risk factors for ____ include eating contaminated foods, unprotected sex, IV drug abuse, living in a nursing home, excessive alcohol consumption, organ transplants, AIDS, getting a tattoo, and working in a healthcare setting or funeral home

A

hepatitis

44
Q

chronic, degenerative disorder of the liver; may be caused by long-term alcoholism, poisoning, or hepatitis

A

cirrhosis

45
Q

formation of gallstones

A

cholelithiasis

46
Q

cholelithiasis is more common in men (T/F)

A

false (women)

47
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder; may be due to the presence of gallstones

A

cholecystitis

48
Q

inflammation of the bile duct

A

cholangitis

49
Q

inflammatory process by which the pancreas is digested by its own enzymes; can progress into hemorrhagic or necrotizing varieties

A

pancreatitis

50
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

51
Q

infection present in abdomen without obvious rupture of an organ

A

primary peritonitis

52
Q

infection present in the abdomen from an organ ruptured by the infection

A

secondary peritonitis

53
Q

development of small sacs in the wall of the colon; asymptomatic unless they are inflamed

A

diverticulosis

54
Q

inflammation of the small sacs in the wall of the colon; can cause gangrene with the potential for perforation

A

diverticulitis

55
Q

abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the wall that normally contains it

A

hernia

56
Q

benign tumors of vascular organs containing a stem that attaches the tumor to surrounding tissue; may be surgically removed if they are malignant or if they occlude the organ

A

polyps

57
Q

yellow discoloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

A

jaundice (icterus)

58
Q

symptom caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood (breakdown product of hemoglobin); normally processed in the liver

A

jaundice

59
Q

occurs when the intestine twists on itself

A

volvulus

60
Q

one part of the intestine slipping into a previous segment (telescoping)

A

intussusception

61
Q

can occur as part of the healing process after an injury to part of the digestive tract

A

adhesion

62
Q

associated symptoms include: edema, jaundice, fever, bruising on abdomen, abscesses, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, accumulation of white blood cells, inflammatory exudate in the lungs

A

pancreatitis

PIMS Pathology II (8 decks)

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