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gen. Anat > week 4- skeletal system > Flashcards

week 4- skeletal system Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the skeletal system

A

Support
Storage of minerals
Blood cell production
Protection
Leverage for movement

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2
Q

how many bones

A

206

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3
Q

divisions of skeletal system

A

axial and appendicular

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4
Q

axial skeleton

A

Composed of bones that form axis of body
and support structures/organs of head, neck
and trunk
Skull + ear bones
Hyoid bone
Vertebral column + rib cage

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5
Q

Vertebral column

A

supports the skull and trunk
* allows for their movement
* protects of spinal cord
* absorbs stress of walking, running, and lifting
* provides attachments for limbs thoracic cage, and
postural muscles

7c+12T+5L + sacrum+cocyx

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6
Q

Appendicular

A

Composed of upper and lower extremities
and girdles that attach extremities to axial
skeleton
1. Pectoral girdle: scapula and clavicle
2. Upper extremities(arm bones)
3. Pelvis bones

  1. Lower extremities (leg bones)
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7
Q

Compact Bone

A

(outer layer of all bones)
* Dense outer layer with specific organization
Strong along its length— provides support protection and movement

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8
Q

osteon

A

functional unit of compact bone

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9
Q

Spongy Bone

A

Located where bones not heavily stressed or in
many directions
contains red bone marrow and blood vessels
Makes bones lighter

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10
Q
  • Red bone marrow:
A

produces blood cells

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11
Q

osteocyte

A

Mature bone cells that cannot divide
made from osteoblast buildup

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12
Q

osteoblast

A

Produce/secrete new bony matrix (osteogenesis
or ossification)
Required for: bone formation, bone growth, fracture
repair and remodeling

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13
Q

osteoclast

A

Break down bone: remove and remodel bone
matrix (fracture repair and release of calcium)

Release acids and proteolytic enzymes to
dissolve matrix and release stored minerals
(calcium and phosphate)

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14
Q

Bone matrix inorganic

A

Inorganic: Calcium phosphate salts
* Interacts with calcium hydroxide to
form crystals of hydroxyapatite salts
* Incorporates other salts and ions

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15
Q

Bone matrix (organic)

A

cells are surrounded by matrix
* Organic: Collagen fibers (proteins) and
carbohydrates
* Provide flexibility

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16
Q

Flat Bone

A

Thin, roughly parallel surfaces
• Examples: cranial bones, sternum

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17
Q

sutural Bone

A

Irregular bones formed between cranial bones
examples: coronal suture

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18
Q

Long Bone

A

Relatively long and slender
• Examples: most bones of the limbs(FEMUR)

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19
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Complex shapes usually with many areas for attachment of muscles
• Examples: vertebrae, bones of pelvis, facial bones

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20
Q

Semasoid Bone

A

Small, flat, and somewhat shaped like sesame seed
• Patella is found in everyone

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21
Q

Short Bone

A

small and boxy
* Examples: bones of the wrist (carpals) and ankles (tarsal)

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22
Q

how many of each type of vertebrae

A

7-Cervical
12-Thoracic
5-Lumbar

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23
Q

4 natural curves of spine

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral

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24
Q

Endochondrial bone formation

A

Hyaline cartilage, used as a small model of skeleton, is replaced by bone, only leaving behind epiphyseal plate and articular cartilage

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25
Intramembraneous bone formation
Begins as mesenchymal (stem) cells differentiate into osteoblasts within mesenchymal (embryonic) or fibrous connective tissue
26
Epiphyseal plates
where bones grow in length
27
POLB Diaphysis
shaft—long portion) • Contains medullary cavity (marrow cavity) • Lined with marrow • Red bone marrow (blood cell production) • Yellow bone marrow (adipose storage)
28
POLB epiphysis
(expanded ends of long bones) • Consist largely of inner spongy bone (trabecular bone) • Network of struts and plates • Resists forces from various directions and directs body weight to diaphysis and joints • Spongy bone located here has red bone marrow
29
POLB articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage) • Covers portions of epiphysis that form articulations/joints
30
POLB metaphysis
connects epiphysis to shaft
31
POLB epipyseal plate
Found between Diaphysis and Epiphysis • Consists of hyaline cartilage • Allows for growth in length.
32
POLB Periosteum
connective tissue that covers bone
33
Periosteum
Isolate bone from surrounding tissues 2. Route for blood and nervous supply 3. Actively participate in bone growth (width)
34
1-Foramen Magnum
Hole open in head that spine goes through
35
2-Occipital condyles
Outlining foramen magnum
36
3-Temporomadibular joint
Joint connecting jaw to temporal bone
37
4-external acoustic meatus
small divot by TMJ joint
38
5-mastoid process
Spikey part on temporal bone
39
7-Zygomatic bone
cheek bone
40
6-zygomatic process
connection between cheek and temporal bone
41
8-nasal bone
nose bone
42
9-palatine bone
Under jaw, flipped skull
43
10-sagittal suture
suture down skull
44
11-Coronal suture
suture across front of skull
45
12-lambdoid suture
suture across bottom of skull
46
13-sphenoid bone
on inside of skull, bat shaped piece
47
14-sella turcica
on inside of skull, where you fit pinky in, base of sephnoid bone
48
15-Spinous process
Part of spine that sticks out, you can feel it
49
16-vertebral body
big body part of spine, thick one
50
17-transvers process
part of spine that sticks out laterally
51
18-vertebral foramen
hole in every vertebrae, where stick goes in skeleton
52
19-intervertebral foramen
Small circular holes in spine, from the side
53
20-Sacral foramina
holes in sacrum
54
21-Iliac crest
top of pelvis
55
22-posterior superior iliac spine
from backend of pelvis, closest to sacrum
56
23-anterior superior iliac spine
from front, end of pelvis that is most stuck out
57
24-sacro iliac joint
Joines pelvis and spine
58
25-acteabelum
under pelvis where femur sits
59
26-ischial tuberosity
ishuim
60
27-pubic symphysis
pubis
61
28-manubruim
top of sternum
62
29-Body
body of sternum
63
30-Xiphoid process
very bottom of sternum
64
31-sternal notch
curve in manubrum of sternum
65
32-AC joint
connects clavicle to sternum
66
33-acromion
scapula part where ac joint connects
67
34-glenoid cavity
where the humerus sits
68
35-coracoid process
bone most stuck out on scapula from front
69
scapular spine
very back of scapula

gen. Anat (13 decks)

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