Week 6 Muscles Flashcards by Logan Kaiser

Characteristics of muscle tissue

Responsiveness
conductive
contractive
extensible
elasticity

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Cardiac muscle

involuntary and autorhytmic
In heart propelling blood through blood vessels

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Smooth muscle

involuntary
Moves substances
Move fluids and solids along digestive tract
Moves air in respiratory tract
Regulate control blood flow

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Skeletal muscle

Voluntary
Produce skeletal movements
Maintain posture and body position
Support soft tissues
Guard entrances and exits
Maintain body temperature
Provide nutrient reserves

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origin

Fixed attachment (usually on the bone that is stationary during the
muscle action) muscles proximal attachment

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insertion

muscles distal attachment

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action

Specific movement the muscle allows

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Transverse tubules,

penetrate through a cell and emerges on the other side—allow for action potential to travel deep in the cell

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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

stores calcium

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Thick filament

associated with the contractile protein called Myosin

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Thin Filament

associated with the contractile protein called Actin

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Sacromere

a unit of overlapping actin and myosin
—it is the contractile unit in a muscle cell

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slow cells

adapted for a slower contraction that can be sustained;use oxygen only to make ATP

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Intermediate cells

intermediate contraction and endurance

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Fast cells

adapted for a very quick contraction; don’t use oxygen to make ATP

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innervention

The innervation of a muscle refers to the name of the nerve that stimulates it

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Hypertrophy

Increase in muscle size due to an increase in the
size of the muscle cells

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atrophy

Decrease in muscle size, tone, and power

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isometric contraction

contrasting muscle but not moving joint-plank

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isotonic contraction

muscle moving with no change in weight

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sarcoplasm

cytoplasm of a muscle cell

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myofibrils

long protein bundles that occupy the main portion of the sarcoplasm

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sarcolemma

cell membrane of a muscle cell

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Endomysium

Surrounds individual muscle cells/ fibers
Contains capillaries, myosatellite (stem) cells, and axons of neurons that control muscle fibers

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How a skeletal muscle contracts

A nerve “stimulates” the skeletal muscle cell * This causes an electrical signal to travel into the skeletal muscle cell * Calcium and ATP allow myosin to bind to actin * , myosin will pull actin inward * This will shorten the sarcomere . * As all of the sarcomeres shorten in the individual muscle cell—the entire muscle cell shortens * If enough of the muscle cells in a muscle shorten, the entire muscle will shorten

Perimysium

Surrounds bundles of muscle cells * Contains collagen and elastin fibers, blood vessels, and nerves

Epimysium

Surrounds entire muscle Separates muscle from surrounding tissues and organs

tendon

attach muscle to bone

Prime mover

"agonist" Muscle whose contraction chiefly responsible for producing particular movement

Prime antagonist

Muscle whose action opposes particular agonist. This muscle must yield to the agonist for a contraction to occur

synergist

Muscle that helps larger agonist work efficiently

gastrocnemius function

Plantarfleion of ankle

triceps brachii function

Extends elbow

pectoralis major function

abduct shoulder

gluteus maximus function

extension of hip

gluteus medius function

adduction of hip

trapezius function

extends neck, lateral flexion of neck and shrug (elevate) shoulders

hamstring muscles function

flexes knee

deltoid and supraspinatus function

extends shoulder and abduct shoulder

biceps brachii function

flexes elbow

quadriceps muscles functions

extends knee

tibialis anterior functions

dorsiflexion of ankle

latissimus dorsi functions

flexes and adducts shoulder

sternocladamastoid

muscle on neck that extends up

temporalis

by temporal bone, on side of head

massetar

on jaw

pectoralis major

on your peck

trapezius

triangle thing on back, large on top of back

rhomboid major

below rhomboid minor, rhombus shaped by scapula

rhomboid minor

above rhomboid major, smaller rhombus

latissimus dorsi

super big muscle on back

rectus abdominus

abs

diaphragm

on outside of abs

subscapularis

very deep, on inside of scapula

supraspinatus

on posterior, above the second scapular bone

infraspinatus

on posterior, below second scapular bone

teres minor

on posterior, above teres major, connects to bone

teres major

below teres minor, connects scapula to arm ish

deltoid

on posterior, triangle by shoulder

biceps brachii

inside of arm on top

triceps brachii

outside of arm on top

brachioradialis

inside of arm-muscle on bottom by wrist

wrist extensors

wrist, outside arm

wrist flexors

inside arm, by wrist

psoas major

by hip, connects femur to spine

gluteus maximus

posterior thigh, big circular muscle

gluteus medius

top of posterior thigh, white stuff above gluteus Maximus

adductor longus

connects femur to circle in pelvis

sartorius

anterior thigh- muscle that goes Across leg

gracilis

bottom most muscle on hip picture, connects femur to pubis symphasis

semitendinosus

posterior thigh, middle muscle

biceps femoris

posterior thigh, all the way to right muscle

rectus femoris

anterior thigh- big muscle connecting to patella

vastus medialis

anterior thigh- bottom big muscle closest to patella

vastus lateralis

anterior thigh- muscle on lateral side, all the way to left

vastus intermedius

anterior thigh-deep to rectus femoris

gastrocnemius

hamstring

soleus

small muscles on outside of hamstring

tibialis anterior

muscle on tubia, front of bottom leg

fibularis longus

on side of leg, long muscle on side

extensor digitorum longus

on front of bottom leg, on outside of tibias anterior

semimembranosus

posterior thigh, all the way to left muscle

Week 6 Muscles Flashcards

(82 cards)