week 13 digestive and urinary

Question 1

path of food through all structures of the GI tract

Answer 1

Mouth
Pharynx
esophagus
lower esophageal sphincter
Stomach
Pyloric sphincter
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
ileocecal valve
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

Question 2

purpose of the digestive system?

Answer 2

system that processes food, extracts nutrients, and eliminates the residue

Question 3

Why do we need nutrients?

Answer 3

Need for cellular metabolism
need for anabolism and catabolism
act as building blocks in cells/tissues

Question 4

mucosa gi tract

Answer 4

innermost layer
Help with absorption of nutrients

Question 5

Submucosa gi tract

Answer 5

second inner layer
contains blood and lymph vessels

Question 6

Muscularis externa gi tract

Answer 6

inner circular layer of smooth muscle
outer longtitudal layer of smooth muscle

Question 7

serosa gi tract

Answer 7

our protective layer that covers muscularis externa

Question 8

processes of mechanical digestion

Answer 8

Physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces
Cutting/grinding teeth
churning of stomach
exposes food to digestive enzymes

Question 9

processes of chemical digestion

Answer 9

series of chemical reactions that breaks molecules into smaller molecules the body/cells can use
sugars into glucose
proteins into amino acids
fats into glycerol
nucleic acids into nucleotides

Question 10

amylase

Answer 10

helps you digest carbohydrates

Question 11

pepsin

Answer 11

breaks down proteins

Question 12

lipase

Answer 12

break down fats in food

Question 13

what occurs in absorption

Answer 13

broken down molecules molecules from GI tract into blood or lymph

Question 14

mouth function

Answer 14

Begins digestion by breaking up food and mixing with saliva

Question 15

salivary glands function

Answer 15

secrete saliva to start chemical digestion

Question 16

stomach function

Answer 16

starts chemical digestion
receives food from esophagus
mixes food with chemicals
transports food to small intestine

Question 17

stomach secretions

Answer 17

pepsinogen
gastric lipase
hydrochloric acid
mucus

Question 18

small intestine function

Answer 18

Chemical digestion is completed in small intestine
most absolution of nutrients occurs in small intestine

Question 19

large intestine function

Answer 19

Absorbs water and electrolytes
breakdown of remaining substances
forms and stores feces

Question 20

pancreas function

Answer 20

-assist in chemical digestion
-pancreatic amylase-digest carbohydrates
-trypsin/chymotrypsin-digest proteins
-pancreatic lipase-digest fats

Question 21

liver function

Answer 21

secretes bile that breaks down fats in small intestine

Question 22

gallbladder function

Answer 22

temporarily stores bile

Question 23

peritoneum

Answer 23

Protective and supportive structures for GI organs in abdimoplevic cavity

Question 24

4 peritoneum structures

Answer 24

Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Mesentry
mesocolon

Question 25

mechanisms of swallowing

Answer 25

tongue pushes food to pharynx-voluntary food goes from pharynx to esophagus to stomach-involuntaay

Question 26

mechanisms of vomiting

Answer 26

medulla oblongata stimulated squeezing of stomach between diaphragm and abdominal muscles

Question 27

mechanisms of defacation

Answer 27

when material enters rectum, distention of rectal wall stimulates stretch receptors which then trigger defecation reflex

Question 28

formation of urine function

Answer 28

cleans blood plasma of metabolic waste by filtration

Question 29

what are the three primary nitrogenous wastes

Answer 29

urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 30

control of blood volume function

Answer 30

by conserving or eliminating more fluid from blood

Question 31

control of blood pressure function

Answer 31

by regulating blood volume and excreting renin

Question 32

control of blood pH function

Answer 32

excreting hydrogen ions into urine and conserving bicarbonate ions

Question 33

purpose of the nephron

Answer 33

Form urine from filtered blood

Question 34

where are nephrons located in the kidneys

Answer 34

found in cortex and medulla

Question 35

What is urine formed from?

Answer 35

metabolic wastes in blood

Question 36

process of filtration

Answer 36

remove toxins from blood

Question 37

process of secretion

Answer 37

Substances from blood surrounding the tubule are directly added to the filtrate to be excreted as urine

Question 38

process of reabsorption

Answer 38

substances that were filtered can be reabsorbed since they need to move from the tubule BACK to the blood

Question 39

excretion of urine

Answer 39

collecting ducts to * Papillary ducts to * Minor calyces to * Major calyces to * Renal pelvis to * Ureters to * Urinary bladder to * Single urethra to external urethral orifice

Question 40

paratoid gland

Answer 40

1

Question 41

sublingual gland

Answer 41

2

Question 42

submandibular gland

Answer 42

3

Question 43

pharynx

Answer 43

4

Question 44

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 44

5

Question 45

esophagus

Answer 45

6

Question 46

fundus of stomach

Answer 46

7

Question 47

body of stomach

Answer 47

8

Question 48

pyloric sphincter

Answer 48

9

Question 49

duodenum

Answer 49

10

Question 50

jejenum

Answer 50

11

Question 51

ileum

Answer 51

12

Question 52

ileocecal valve

Answer 52

13

Question 53

cecum

Answer 53

14

Question 54

appendix

Answer 54

15

Question 55

ascending colon

Answer 55

16

Question 56

transverse colon

Answer 56

17

Question 57

descending colon

Answer 57

18

Question 58

sigmoid colon

Answer 58

19

Question 59

rectum

Answer 59

20

Question 60

anal canal

Answer 60

21

Question 61

anus

Answer 61

22

Question 62

right lobe of liver

Answer 62

23

Question 63

left lobe of liver

Answer 63

24

Question 64

gallblader

Answer 64

26

Question 65

common hepatic duct, cystic duct, common bile duct

Answer 65

paper

Question 66

pancreas pancreatic duct

Answer 66

29 30

Question 67

kidneys

Answer 67

1

Question 68

renal pyrmid

Answer 68

2

Question 69

major calyx

Answer 69

3

Question 70

minor calyx

Answer 70

4

Question 71

renal pelvis

Answer 71

5

Question 72

urethra external urethral orifice

Answer 72

paper

Question 73

Glomerular capsule Glomerulus Proximal convoluted tubule Nephron Loop Distal convoluted tubule Collecting duct

Answer 73

paper