Week 4 Terms: Endocrine Disorders

Question 1

Ketoacidosis (DKA)

Answer 1

Results from a shortage of insulin

In response the body switches to burning fatty acids and producing acidic ketone bodies that can cause vomiting, dehydration, deep gasping breathing, confusion and occasionally a coma

Question 2

What are some things that neuropathy impacts with functional deficits?

Answer 2

Gait Abnormalities
Assistance with Essential ADLs & IADLs
Impact on Valued Occupations

Question 3

What are some motor deficits of peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 3

Muscle Wasting
Loss of Fine Motor Ability

Question 4

Type I Diabetes affects what age group?

Answer 4

Children

Question 5

Who are mostly affected by Graves’ Disease?

A. Mostly women ages 30-50

B. Mostly men ages 30-50

C. Men and women ages 30-50

D. None of the above; Affects children

Answer 5

A. Mostly Women Ages 30-50

Question 6

Rates of diabetes are increasing in part due to…

Answer 6

Obesity
Urbanization
Aging Populations
Sedentary Lifestyles

Question 7

Hyperglycemia

Answer 7

High Blood Sugar

Question 8

True/False

Type I Diabetes is an insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What are sensations that can be tested?

Answer 9

Protection
Sharp/Dull
Hot/Cold
Light Touch
Proprioception

Question 10

8 Signs and Symptoms of Diabetes

Answer 10

Type I- Weight Loss

Type II- Weight Gain

Fluid Loss

Polyuria (urinary frequency)

Thirst

Fatigue

Increased Appetite

Ketoacidosis (if untreated)

Question 11

Glucocorticoids

Answer 11

Essential steroid hormones secreted from the adrenal glands and are important in the regulation of adaptation

a steroid hormone that is widely used for the treatment of inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer

Question 12

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 12

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

Question 13

Type I Diabetes

Answer 13

Body doesn’t produce insulin

10% of Cases

Question 14

What are some exercise treatments for neuropathy?

Answer 14

Strength
Endurance
Coordination
Sensory Integration
ROM- Joint Integrity

Question 15

Nephropathy

Answer 15

Disease of the Kidney

Question 16

What are some things that neuropathy impacts with balance?

Answer 16

Sensory- Where body is in space, vestibular, visual, proprioception/kinesthesia
Motor- Apply sensory info to movement

Question 17

What is diabetes mellitus caused by?

Answer 17

A deficit of insulin secretion

or

A lack of response by cells to insulin (insulin resistance)

Question 18

True/False

Type II Diabetes is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Thyroid Disease

Answer 19

Thyroid disorders may result from either pituitary OR thyroid gland dysfunction

Goiter
Graves’ Disease
Hypothyroidism

Question 20

On a physical examination, how would peripheral neuropathy be shown?

A. Auditory Deficit
B. Sensory Deficits
C. Motor Deficits
D. A & B
E. B & C

Answer 20

E. B & C.

On a physical examination peripheral neuropathy would be shown in sensory and/or motor deficits.

Question 21

Neuropathy

Answer 21

Disease of the nerves

Question 22

What is peripheral neuropathy caused by?

Answer 22

Diabetes
Nerve Root Compression
Trauma
Toxins
Infections
Neoplasms
Vascular Disorders
Congenital Malformations

Question 23

What are some adaptation treatments for neuropathy?

Answer 23

Adaptive Devices: high/low tech
Adaptive Techniques
Environmental modifications
Service Animals

Question 24

What are sensibilities that can be tested?

(think sensation)

Answer 24

Discrimination: being able to discriminate between two different sensations
Cross Haptic Processing: ability to determine if sensory information is important
Vibratory Sense
Moving Two Point Sensation: discriminate between two sensations

Question 25

**Cretinism**

Answer 25

Condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed

Question 26

**Hashimoto's Disease**

Answer 26

An autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

Question 27

**What are some things that neuropathy impacts with communication by touch?**

Answer 27

Social Interactions Impact on Roles Intimacy

Question 28

**What are some safety training treatments for neuropathy?**

Answer 28

Compensatory Strategies Environmental Safety Assessment Safe Use of Equipment

Question 29

**Type II Diabetes**

Answer 29

Body doesn't produce insulin or doesn't use insulin properly, leading to hyperglycemia *90% of cases*

Question 30

**What are some sensory deficits of peripheral neuropathy?**

Answer 30

Pain/Temperature Moving 2 point sensation Protective Sensation

Question 31

**True/False** Neuropathy is something we can fix with treatment.

Answer 31

**False** Neuropathy is *not* something we can fix with treatment. Typically a diagnosis that a client will need adaptive techniques to manage.

Question 32

**Peripheral Neuropathy**

Answer 32

Lesions of the lower motor neuron system *Disrupted messages between periphery and brain*

Question 33

**Without treatment Graves' Disease can lead to what three things?**

Answer 33

Irregular Heartbeat Ophthalmopathy Osteoporosis

Question 34

**What are some things that neuropathy impacts with functional coordination?**

Answer 34

Gross Grasp Grip and Pinch Rotating Adjusting

Question 35

**Myxedema**

Answer 35

Caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion; also known as adult hypothyroidism

Question 36

**What are some pain management treatments for neuropathy?**

Answer 36

Compression Vibration Desensitization E-Stim

Question 37

**How is diabetes diagnosed?**

Answer 37

Fasting Blood Glucose Level Glucose Tolerance Test Hemoglobin HBA1C Test

Question 38

**Sensibility**

Answer 38

Higher level sensory processing

Question 39

**Assessments of Neuropathy**

Answer 39

Ask about functional ability Valued Occupations- *Occupational Performance Measure* Hand Function Tests ADL/Functional Performance Measures

Question 40

**What are some things that neuropathy impacts with Psychosocial Impact?**

Answer 40

Loss of work/income Role Loss Low Self-Esteem Spiritual Impact

Question 41

**Retinopathy**

Answer 41

Disease of the retina

Question 42

**Endocrine Glands**

Answer 42

Produce and release their chemical products directly into the blood stream

Question 43

**What is the impact of neuropathy?**

Answer 43

Functional Coordination Communication by touch Balance Functional Deficits Psychosocial Impact

Question 44

**Insulin**

Answer 44

Hormone produced by pancreas, helps regulate blood glucose levels and transport glucose from blood into cells

Question 45

**Goiter**

Answer 45

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 46

**Hypoglycemia**

Answer 46

Low blood sugar

Question 47

**Treatment Approaches for Neuropathy**

Answer 47

Pain Management Exercise Adaptation Safety Training

Question 48

**Glycated Hemoglobin (A1c)**

Answer 48

Blood test measuring the amount of glucose bound to hemoglobin in the blood; provides an indication of blood sugar level over the past three months, covering the 120-day lifespan of the red blood cell

Question 49

**Graves' Disease (Hyperthyroidism)**

Answer 49

Related to an autoimmune factor where thyroid produces more hormone than the body needs