Week 5 - Cardiovascular Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
Endocardium (inner), myocardium (middle), epicardium (outer).
What is the fibrous pericardium?
A tough outer layer that anchors the heart to the diaphragm and prevents overstretching.
What is the serous pericardium composed of?
A parietal and visceral (epicardium) layer with pericardial fluid between them.
What are the four chambers of the heart?
Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.
Which valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve.
Which valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral (bicuspid) valve.
Which valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs?
Pulmonary valve.
Which valve controls blood flow from the left ventricle to the body?
Aortic valve.
What is the main function of heart valves?
To ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow.
What causes the ‘lub’ heart sound?
Closing of atrioventricular (AV) valves during ventricular systole.
What causes the ‘dub’ heart sound?
Closing of semilunar valves during ventricular diastole.
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated).
What do veins do?
Return blood to the heart (usually deoxygenated).
What type of blood do pulmonary arteries carry?
Deoxygenated blood.
What type of blood do pulmonary veins carry?
Oxygenated blood.
What is the purpose of systemic circulation?
To deliver oxygenated blood to the body and return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
What is the purpose of pulmonary circulation?
To send deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation and return oxygenated blood to the heart.
