Week 2 - Skeletal System 1 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What are the three main parts of a long bone?
Diaphysis, epiphysis, and metaphysis.
What is the function of the diaphysis?
It forms the shaft and contains the medullary cavity.
What type of bone is found in the epiphysis?
Spongy bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone.
What is the epiphyseal plate?
A hyaline cartilage growth area between the diaphysis and epiphysis in children.
What does the periosteum do?
Covers the outer bone surface and helps form new bone.
Where is the endosteum located?
It lines the medullary cavity and trabeculae of spongy bone.
What is the basic structural unit of compact bone?
The osteon (Haversian system).
What are lamellae?
Concentric rings of bone matrix in an osteon.
What is the function of canaliculi in bone?
They connect osteocytes for nutrient exchange.
What is the main difference between compact and spongy bone?
Compact bone has osteons; spongy bone has trabeculae and no osteons.
Where is red marrow found in long bones?
In the epiphyses and metaphysis.
What type of bone cell produces bone matrix?
Osteoblasts.
What type of bone cell maintains the bone matrix?
Osteocytes.
What type of bone cell breaks down bone matrix?
Osteoclasts.
What is the role of osteogenic cells?
They divide and differentiate into osteoblasts.
What is ossification?
The process of bone tissue formation.
What type of bone development forms flat bones like the skull?
Intramembranous ossification.
What is the first step of intramembranous ossification?
Mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts.
What forms the framework in endochondral ossification?
Hyaline cartilage.
Where does the primary ossification center form in endochondral ossification?
In the diaphysis.
What creates the medullary cavity during ossification?
Osteoclasts breaking down trabeculae.
What remains as articular cartilage after endochondral ossification?
Hyaline cartilage on joint surfaces.
Where does appositional bone growth occur?
On the outer bone surface, forming compact bone.
