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Human Physiology > Week 5 - Respiratory System > Flashcards

Week 5 - Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A 
Gas exchange
Regulate Blood pH
Contains smell receptors
Filters inspired air
Produces sounds
Rids body of water/heat in expired air
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2
Q

The cardiovascular system and the respiratory system cooperate to supply ____ and eliminate ____

A

O2

CO2

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3
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A 
Nose
Pharynx (throat)
Larynx (voice box)
Trachea (wind pipe)
Bronchi
Lungs
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4
Q

The upper respiratory system is composed of what parts?

A

Nose
Pharynx
Associated structures

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5
Q

The lower respiratory system is composed of what parts?

A

Larynx
Trachea
Bronchii
Lungs

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6
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Conduction portion

Respiratory portion

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7
Q

What are the functions of the two functional divisions of the respiratory system?

A

Conducting portion - filter, warm, moisten air and conduct it into lungs. Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles

Respiratory portion - tissues w/in lungs where gas exchange occurs. Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

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8
Q

What is Otorhinolaryngology?

A

Diagnosis and treatment of ears, nose and throat

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9
Q

What is pulmonology?

A

Diagnosis and treatment of disease of the lungs

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10
Q

The external nose is composed of __________ and _________ covered with muscle, skin and lined with a ___________

A

bony framework
hyaline cartilage
mucous membrane

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11
Q

The internal nose lies _______ to the nasal bone and ________ to the mouth

A

inferior

superior

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12
Q

The space within the internal nose is the ____.

A

nasal cavity

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13
Q

The anterior portion just inside the nostrils is called the ________.

A

vestibule

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14
Q

The _________ divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides

A

nasal septum

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15
Q

The _______ divide the nasal septum into groove-like passageways called the superior, middle and inferior meatuses.

A

conchae

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16
Q

The _________ line the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum.

A

olfactory receptors

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17
Q

Mucous secreted by __________ moistens the air entering the nose and traps dust particles

A

goblet cells

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18
Q

____ move the mucous and trapped particles towards the pharynx to be swallowed or spit out

A

Cilia

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19
Q

The functions of the pharynx are ________

A

passageway for air and foodresonating chamber for speech soundshouses the tonsils

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20
Q

The anatomical regions of the pharynx are _______

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

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21
Q

The ________ is the superior portion of the pharynx.

A

nasopharynx

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22
Q

Pharyngeal tonsils are located in the ________.

A

nasopharynx

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23
Q

Palatine and lingual tonsils are located in the __________.

A

Oropharynx

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24
Q

The larynx is ________

A

a short passageway that connects the laryngopharynx with the trachea

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25
During swallowing, the _______ closes off the glottis (vocal cords) and prevents food from entering the larynx and airways inferior to it.
epiglottis
26
What is cricoid cartilage?
A ring of cartilage that forms the inferior wall of the larynx
27
The mucous membrane of the larynx forms two pairs of folds- ________ and ________
ventricular folds | vocal folds
28
The _______ is anterior to the esophagus and extends from the larynx to the superior border of the 5th thoracic vertebra where it branches to form bronchi.
Trachea
29
What are the layers of the trachea?
Mucosa Submucosa Hyaline cartilage Adventitia
30
A tracheostomy is _______
an operation to make an opening into the trachea
31
The bronchi are _____
air passageways connecting the trachea to the lungs
32
The ridge where the trachea branches into the right and left bronchi is the _________. It is the epithelial that triggers ______
carina | cough
33
Bronchi branch into tertiary bronchi and eventually _____
bronchioles
34
The two layers of the pleural membrane of the lung are _______ and ________
Visceral pleura | Parietal pleura
35
The pleural cavity is filled with ________
Serous fluid
36
________ or _________ is an inflammation of the pleural membrane
Pleurisy | Pleuritis
37
The lungs are divided into lobes by _______
fissures
38
The right lung has __ lobes while the left lung has ___ lobes
3 | 2
39
Terminal bronchioles are called __________, which are subdivided into ___________.
respiratory bronchioles | alveolar ducts
40
An _______ is a cup-shaped outpouching lined by simple squamous epithelium
alveolus
41
Type I alveolar cells provide ________ and is the site of ______ while Type II alveolar cells ________.
structure gas exchange secrete surfactant to lower suface tension of alveolar fluid
42
The alveolar walls and capillary walls form the ________
respiratory membrane
43
List the branching of the bronchial tree
``` Trachea Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles ```
44
In order for gas exchange to occur from alveoli to blood, gas must pass through what membranes?
alveolar epithelial wall of type I cells alveolar epithelial basement membrane capillary basement membrane endothelial cells of capillary
45
What are the muscles of inspiration?
SCM, scalenes, external intercostals, diaphragm, serratus anterior
46
What are the muscles of expiration?
internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, serratus posterior inferior
47
Describe eupnea, apnea, dyspnea, tachypnea, costal breathing, diaphragmatic breathing
eupnea - normal quiet breathing apnea - temporary cessation of breathing dyspnea - difficult or labored breathing tachypnea - rapid breathing diaphragmatic breathing - descent of diaphragm causes ST to bulge during inspiration costal breathing - just rib actively involved
48
Tidal volume is _________
amount of air moved during quiet breathing
49
Reserve volumes are ___________
amount you can breath either in or out above that amount of tidal volume
50
What is Henry's Law?
quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid depends upon the amount of gas present and its solubility coefficient
51
How is CO2 carried in the blood?
- dissolved in plasma - combined w/ globin part of Hb molecule forming carbaminohemoglobin - as part of bicarbonate ion
52
List the groups of neurons of the respiratory center and their locations
medullary rhythmicity area (inspiratory/expiratory) - medulla oblongata pneumotaxic - pons apneustic - pons
53
Which neurons of the respiratory center are constantly active?
medullary rhythmicity area
54
The pacemaker of respiration is ________
inspiratory area of the medullary rhythmicity area
55
Respiration is chemically regulated by ______ located in ________
chemoreceptors medulla aortic body -> vagus nerve carotid body -> glossopharyngeal nerve
56
Boyle's law states that _________
gas volume is inversely proportional to pressure
57
Henry's law states that _________
the volume of gas that will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of the gas and the gas pressure
58
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is _______
carbon dioxide
59
The term _________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space
pneumothorax
60
______ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle
Tidal volume
61
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is _________
greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
62
As acidity of blood increases, affinity of oxygen to hemoglobin _________
decreases

Human Physiology (9 decks)

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