Week 8 - Reproductive System

Question 1

Define spermatocyte

Answer 1

the male gamete (haploid cell) that unites with the female gamete in fertilization

Question 2

Define oocyte

Answer 2

the female gamete (haploid cell) that unites with the male gamete in fertilization

Question 3

Define gonads

Answer 3

the reproductive organs the produce gametes and secrete sex hormones

Question 4

List the components of the male reproductive system

Answer 4

testes, scrotum, cremaster muscle, dartos muscle, seminiferous tubule, vas deferens, urethra, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, penis

Question 5

What muscles elevate the testes?

Answer 5

cremaster and dartos muscle

Question 6

What are the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 6

location inside the testes where sperm are produced

Question 7

In males, the urethra is the shared terminal duct of the ___________

Answer 7

reproductive and urinary systems

Question 8

List components of the female reproductive system

Answer 8

ovaries
fimbriae
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
mammary glands

Question 9

Describe function of the ovaries

Answer 9

produce secondary oocytes and hormones

Question 10

Describe function of uterine tubes

Answer 10

transport oocyte to uterus and normally are the sites where fertilization occurs

Question 11

Describe function of uterus

Answer 11

site of implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of the fetus during pregnancy, and labor

Question 12

Meiosis I results in ___ cells with ____ number of chromosomes

Answer 12

2

haploid

Question 13

Each of the daughter cells produced in meiosis I divides during meiosis II and the net result is __ genetically unique ____ cells or gametes

Answer 13

4

haploid

Question 14

Seminiferous tubules contain all stages of ________

Answer 14

all stages of sperm development: spematogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa

Question 15

Leydig cells in between ________ secrete ______

Answer 15

seminiferous tubules

testosterone

Question 16

The function of sertoli cells is __________

Answer 16

• form blood-testis barrier
• support developing sperm cells
• produce fluid & control release of sperm into lumen
• secrete inhibin which slows sperm production by inhibiting FSH

Question 17

In spermatogenesis, spermatogonium give rise to 2 daughter cells by _____. One daughter cell remains as _____ and the other becomes ________.

Answer 17

mitosis
precursor stem cell
primary spermatocyte

Question 18

The end product of spermatogenesis is ______

Answer 18

4 unique haploid spermatids

Question 19

Spermiogenesis is ________

Spermiation is _______

Answer 19

maturation of spermatid into sperm cells

release of sperm cell from a sertoli cell

Question 20

Describe the morphology of a sperm cell

Answer 20

head - contains DNA and acrosome
midpiece - contains mitochondria
tail - flagellum used for locomotion

Question 21

In males: Leutenizing hormone stimulates __________

FSH stimulates __________

Answer 21

Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

spermatogenesis

Question 22

Glands involved in semen production include _______

Answer 22

seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland

Question 23

The layers of the uterus are _________

Answer 23

endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium

Question 24

Uterine arteries branch as arcuate arteries and radial arteries that supply the _______.
Spiral arteries supply the _______ of the endometrium. Their constriction due to _______ starts ____ cycle

Answer 24

myometrium
stratum functionalis
hormonal changes
menstrual

Question 25

______ secreted by the hypothalamus controls female reproductive cycle. It stimulates _____ to secrete LH and FSH

Answer 25

GnRH | anterior pituitary

Question 26

In a female, FSH functions to ________ while LH stimulates _________

Answer 26

initiate growth of follicles that secrete estrogen | ovulation & promotes formation of corpus luteum which secretes estrogens, progesterone, relaxin, inhibin

Question 27

What happens in the ovary and uterus during the menstrual phase of female reproductive cycle?

Answer 27

ovary - 20 follicles that began to develop 6 days before are now beginning to secrete estrogen; fluid is filling the antrum from granulosa cells uterus - declining levels of progesterone caused spiral arteries to contrict; stratum functionalis layer is sloughed off

Question 28

What happens in the ovary and uterus during the preovulatory phase of female reproductive cycle?

Answer 28

ovary - follicular secretion of estrogen & inhibin has slowed the secretion of FSH; dominant follicles survives to day 6; by day 14, graafian follicle has enlarged & bulges at surface; increasing estrogen levels trigger the secretion of LH uterus - increasing estrogen levels have repaired & thickened the stratum functionalis

Question 29

What happens during process of ovulation?

Answer 29

rupture of follicle & release of 2nd oocyte on day 14 | corpus hemorrhagicum results

Question 30

What happens in the ovary and uterus during the post-ovulatory phase of female reproductive cycle?

Answer 30

ovary - if fertilization did not occur, corpus albicans is formed, otherwise developing embryo secretes human chorionic gonadtropin uterus - hormones from corpus luteum promote thickening of endometrium; if no fertilization occurs, menstrual phase will begin

Question 31

In females, estrogen and inhibin function to suppress _______

Answer 31

FSH secretion

Question 32

The hormone that controls the female reproductive cycle is _____, which is synthesized in _______

Answer 32

GnRH | Hypothalamus

Question 33

When does secondary oocyte formation takes place in females?

Answer 33

During puberty

Question 34

_____ is the hormone that inhibits contractions of uterine smooth muscle and relaxes pubic symphysis during labor

Answer 34

Relaxin

Question 35

How does the concentration of estrogen in circulation affect LH secretion?

Answer 35

low levels of estrogen inhibit LH secretion (negative feedback) increased estrogen level stimulates LH secretion (positive feedback)

Question 36

How does the concentration of estrogen in circulation affect FSH secretion?

Answer 36

low levels of estrogen suppress FSH secretion

Question 37

The corpus luteum secretes ________

Answer 37

estrogen, inhibin, progesterone

Question 38

The function of progesterone in luteal phase of menstrual cycle is __________

Answer 38

- inhibit GnRH secretion - stimulate endometrial growth - decrease contractility of the uterine smooth muscle

Question 39

The function of estrogen in females is ________

Answer 39

- stimulate bone and muscle growth - stimulate endometrial growth - maintain secondary female characteristics - maintain mammary glands