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Biopsychology and Neuropsychology > WEEK 6 - EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOURS > Flashcards

WEEK 6 - EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOURS Flashcards

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1
Q

emotions

A

short lived, affective responses to internal or external stimuli

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2
Q

4 factors of emotions

A

cognition
affect
physiological response
action

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3
Q

emotions are regulated by

A

parasymthaitc
sympathetic

nervous system

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4
Q

order of events

A

stimulus
conscious feeling
autonomic arousal

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5
Q

james lang theory

A

stimulus
autonomic arousal
conscious feeling

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6
Q

james lang theory critiscm

A

Physiological events do not guarantee emotional feelings.

Physiological events may not precede emotional feelings

identical physiological events are ass with several different emotions

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7
Q

cannon bard theory

A

stimulus
subcortical brain activity
autonomic arousal
concious feeling
(independant from each other)

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8
Q

Are arousal and emotion always independent

A

can trick brain to make u fel happy ie, smiling

so related to each other

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9
Q

jAmEs lAngE

A

A before E
action before emotion

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10
Q

Cannon-BARD

A

kill two bards with one stone

canon - physiological response
emotion

(2 occur together)

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11
Q

Are emotions universal

A

yes

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12
Q

limbic system

A

interlinked structures that form a border around the thalamus

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13
Q

The theory of constructed emotion

A

Emotions are brain predictions that connect bodily states to events in the environment so that the person knows how to react

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14
Q

emotion dimensions

A

not aroused, aroused
pleasant unpleasant
weak, strong
aapproach, avoid

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15
Q

behavioural activation system (BAS)

A

left brain hemisphere activity marked by low to moderate autonomic arousal and a tendency to approach, which could characterize either happiness or anger

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16
Q

behavioural inhibition system (BIS)

A

right brain hemispheric activity, which increases attention and arousal, ibhits action, and stimulates emotions such as fear and disgust

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17
Q

great activity in fromtal coretz left hem

A

happier
more outgoing
more loving

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18
Q

great activity in right hem

A

more socially withdrawn
less satisied with life
prone to unpleasant emotions

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19
Q

emotion has adaptive value for

A

fear
anger
disgust

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20
Q

moral descisions

A

pay much attention to how the outcome will make us FEEL

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21
Q

moral decisions - brain activation

A

prefrontal cortex
cingulate gyrus

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22
Q

prefrontal cortex damage

A

Emotions are blunted

ie, Phineas Gage (impulseive and poor decision)

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23
Q

attack behaviours

A

anger fight

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24
Q

escape behaviours

A

fear
flight

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25
attack bheaviours hormones tests
testosterone seratonin cortisol work in combintion, interplay of hormones, NT and enviroment
26
testosterone
facilitates aggressive assertive and dominant behaviours
27
seratonin
inhibits impulsvie behaviours
28
cortisol
inhibits aggression
29
testosterone makes it possible for amygdala to fire more ____ after one another
rapid it amplifies the response of a pr-existing structure, but does not initiate a response
30
serotonin studies takeaway
Across species, low serotonin is related to higher levels of impulsive aggression
31
seratonin turnover
amount of serotonin that neurons - released - absorbed
32
mAOa less active
more sertonin less aggresion *but effect depends on prior experience, more aggression in children with severe childhood maltreatment
33
aggressive, violent, antisocial behaviour depends on both
heredity enviroment
34
startle (morro ) REFLEX
universal loud noise, lift arms and legs up Behaviour in newborns
35
startle reflex
sends signal to pons (midbrain) sends to spinal cord 0.2 seconds
36
what brain structure is improtant for enhancing the starle reflex
amygdala
37
toxoplasma gondii
damage to amygdala
38
kluber bucy syndome
damage to amygdala (monkeys) less thna normal fear of snakes and larger more dom monkeys impaired social behaviours including learning what to fear
39
vigorously active amygdla
more fear to noise/intruder
40
diff parts of amygdala w different control tasks
- breathing changes avoidance of pot unsafe places learning which particular places are safest freezing in the presence of danger changed in heart rate *fear is not a single state
41
urbach wiethe disease
genetic disorder that causes atrophy of the amygdala
42
damage to the human amygdala
trouble identifying facial expressions of fear
43
PTSD
occurs in ppl who have had a traumatic experience of being injured or threatened
44
PTSD brain structures
lower hippocampul volumes
45
panic disorder
anxiety and rapid breathing, increased heart rate and trembling
46
panic disorder suceptibility
women and trans more than man early life expeiences
47
panic disorder brain abnormalaties
linked to hypthalamus abnormalities increase orexin levels decreases gaba activity
48
gaba
main inhibitory NT in amygdala
49
benzopidazpeines
anti anxiety drugs bind to gaba, gaba attached more easy
50
alcohol
promotes flow of chloride ions throught he gaba receptor complex
51
r0-14-4513
expriemntal drug blockes effect of alcohol on the gaba complex
52
the concept stress
responses of the body to any change of ones life (neg or positive) vs event that are interested as threatening to an find and which elicit physiological and behavioural responses
53
3 stages of ghe general adaption syndrome
1. alarm stage 2. resistance stage 3.exhausation stage
54
alarm stage
release of hormones from adrenal glands 1. epi: increased activity of symp N.S 2. cortisol: increased blood glucose 3. aldosterone: maintain blood salt and volume *supression of less urgent activities (ie, run from a bear)
55
resistance stage
decline in sympathic NS alert cortisol and other hormones are still high to prolong alterness decrease activity to save energy
56
exhausation stage
occurs after prolonged stress ind no longer has energy to sustain responses
57
HPA axis
activated in periods of prolonged stress
58
brief and moderate stress advantages
attention improved memory formation improved performance on relatively simple tasks improved activity of the immune system enhanced
59
prolonged stress disadvantages
immune activity impaired memory impaired increase release of cortisol
60
brief and moderate stress disadvantages
performancs that requires complex, flexible thinking impaired
61
HPA AXIS brain structures
hypthalmus pit gland adrenal cortex
62
adrenocorticotrophic hormone ACTH
chemcial released for the anterior pit gland, stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol
63
cortisol
hormone secreted by the adrenal cprtex that elevates blood sugar and enhance metalobism - help fight or flight
64
immune system
structures thta protect the body against viruses, bacteria and other intruders by producing leukocytes (WBC) B CELLS (SECRTE antibodies to attack an antigen) T CELLS (cytotic, helper) natural killer cells: non specific, attach to cells infected with viruses and certain kinds of tumor cells
65
leukocytes produce cytokines
proteins that stimulates prostaglandins
66
prostaglandins
chemcials the immune system delievers to the hypthalmus, causing a fever (body tells u you r sick)
67
stress and immune system
NS activates the immune system to icnrease its production of NKC activates immune system to increase secretion of cytokines
68
resilience in the face of stress correlates with stronger connections between
amygdala and pre frontal cortex
69
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Biopsychology and Neuropsychology (7 decks)

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