week 7 Flashcards
1
Q
What factors can contribute to the vulnerability pf psychological conditions?
A
- Genetic factors
- Biochemical factors
- Environmental factors
2
Q
What are the different neurodevelopment disorders?
A
- intellectual disability
- communication disorders
- autism spectrum disorders
- ADHD
- Specific learning disorders
- Motor disorders
3
Q
Describe intellectual disability.
A
- mild vs moderate vs severe vs profound
- Domains: conceptual, social, practical
4
Q
Describe mild intellectual disability
A
- its INDISTINGUISHABLE from those with normal IQs
- Capable of ADLS
- Mid-elementary school level
5
Q
Describe moderate intellectual disorder.
A
- Develops skills slowly
- 1st-3rd grade reading level
- difficulty interpreting social cues
- socially, intellectually slow
6
Q
Describe severe intellectual disability
A
- Delayed/absent speech
- Require significant support
- Shortened life span
- Single words or gestures to communicate
- Can do things with prompting like getting dressed or eating
7
Q
Describe profound intellectual disability
A
- Nonverbal
- Sensory and physical impairments
- constant supervision
- cannot read
- total care/need constant supervision
8
Q
What are the different types of communication disorders?
A
- Language disorders
- Speech sound disorders
- Childhood-onset fluency disorder
- Social communication disorder
9
Q
Describe language disorder.
A
Hard time joining words together
10
Q
Describe speech sound disorders
A
-having a lisp
-cleft palate=difficulty of making certain sounds
11
Q
Describe childhood-onset fluency disorder.
A
-Stuttering
-occurs before the age of 6
-anxiety based around this disorder
12
Q
describe social communication disorder
A
socially awkward
13
Q
What are communication disorders seen in conjunction with?
A
seen in conjunction with intellectual disabilities like autism
14
Q
What are some characteristics of ADHD?
A
- Deficits in social and emotional interactions
- Repetitive patterns
- Strict routines
15
Q
What are some repetitive patterns of ADHD?
A
- Stimming
- Perseveration
- Echolalia
16
Q
What is stimming in ADHD?
A
Arm flapping
twirling their hands
repetitive tic
17
Q
What is perseveration in ADHD?
A
so focused on one topic
they have profound knowledge on this one topic but delayed on other topics
18
Q
What is echolalia in ADHD?
A
when they echo words
bathroom bathroom bathroom
19
Q
What disturbances do those with autism spectrum disorders experience?
A
- sensory integration dysfunction
- sleep disorders
- Digestive disorders
- Feeding disorders
- epilepsy
- allergies
20
Q
what is a co,,on morbidity of autism spectrum disorder?
A
epilepsy
21
Q
What is sensory integration dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder?
A
Finding different things to touch
22
Q
How many levels are in autism spectrum disorder?
A
3
23
Q
Describe level one of autism spectrum disorder.
A
they are able to function but have social deficit
24
Q
Describe level 2 of autism spectrum disorder.
A
- communication deficits
- Obvious repetitive behaviors
- Change causes distress
25
Describe level 3 in autism spectrum disorder.
1. severe social deficits
2. Limited communication/non-verbal
they do things like head banging
26
what med is usually given to someone who is a level 3 autism spectrum disorder?
Second gen antipsychotic
27
What are two learning disorders?
1. Dyslexia
2. Dyscalculia
28
What is the difference between dyslexia and dyscalculia?
dyslexia: difficulty reading, words look bunched together
dyscalculia: similar but more in reference to numbers
EX: difficult time reading dates, times, counting money
29
What are the different mood disorders?
1. Developmental coordination disorder
2. Tourettes disorder
30
What is developmental coordination disorder?
delayed coordination skills and hard time with hand writing skills
31
What is Tourettes disorder?
says random words, motor tics like random throat cleaning and does this during inappropriate times/situations
32
What are the different anxiety disorders?
1. Separation anxiety disorder
2. Selective mutism
3. Specific phobias
33
What is separation anxiety disorder?
inappropriate fear of being of being separated from someone.
Worry about being kidapped or parent is going to die.
34
What is selective mutism?
not speaking a specific times
35
Do phobias stem from anxiety?
yes
36
What are some obsessive-compusive and related disorders?
1. Trichotillmania
2. Excoriation disorder
37
What is Trichotillomania?
Pulling or twisting of the hair
38
What is excoriation disorder?
skin picking
nail biting
can lead to infection and scarring
39
Those who have trauma or stress related disorders... what do they have an increase of?
increase in physical symptoms such as regressive behaviors, nightmares
40
what is reactive attachment disorder?
ex: someone in the foster care system, emotionally withdrawn behavior
41
what are some feeding and eating disorders?
1. Pica
2. Rumination disorder
3. avoidant/restrictive food-intake disorder
42
What is pica?
craving for non-nutritional substances (My strange addiction)
43
What is rumination disorder?
child chews food, vomits it out and saves it for later
44
What are some elimination disorders?
1. Enuresis
2. Encopresis
45
What is enuresis?
1. Bed wetting
2. voluntary involuntary abnormal after the age of 5
46
What is encopresis?
A condition in which a child resists having bowel movements, causing impacted stool to collect in the colon and rectum and lead to leakage.
47
What age range is substance use disorder prominent in?
12-17
48
What are some symptoms of ADHD?
persistent patterns of:
1. inattention
2. Impaired ability to focus and concentrate
3. Hyperactivity and impulsivity
49
What are some examples of someone with ADHD?
1. running when not appropriate
2. interrupt conversations
3. Fluctuating school work
4. internal restlessness
50
what kind of effect of effect does ADHD have on society?
1. lower socioeconomic status
2. complete fewer years of school
3. higher substance use
4. increased traffic incidents
51
What would you implement for someone with adhd?
1. Stimulation reduction strategies
2. enhance organization skills
3. Enhance time management skills
52
how would you enhance time management skills for someone who has adhd?
having them use a to-do list
53
What would you want to do for someone who has adhd?
remove anything that prevents them from focusing
1. turning off music
2. Get rid of clutter
54
What are some medication categories for adhd?
1. simulants and antidepressants
55
what are the stimulants for adhd?
1. Methylphenidate
2. Amphetamine salts
3. Lisdexamfetamine
56
what are some antidepressants that can be used for adhd?
1. Buproprion
2. Atomoxetine
57
What potential cardiovascular effects do stimulants have on someone with adhd?
potential effects of chest pain and increased HR/BP
58
What do stimulants cause for someone who had adhd?
1. cause a lot of weight loss (monitor for a couple of weeks)
59
when would you give a stimulant for someone with adhd?
give at night because it may cause insomnia and give on an empty stomach
60
Why would you opt to give someone an antidepressant rather than a stimulant?
option for those who don't like the cardiovascular affects or have a x of HTN
61
how long does it take for an antidepressant to take effect in someone who had adhd?
a few weeks to take effect
62
What is gender dysphoria?
feeling that a person is in the wrong-gender body
they have a strong and persistent desire
63
What do those with gender dysmorphia typically experience?
experience embarrassment, social isolation
64
what transition preparations will those who have gender dysphoria have to do?
1. psychotherapy
2. living as desired gender for 1-2 years
3. surgical intervention
65
why may psychotherapy assist someone with transition preparation?
mainly to assist in deciding to fully carry out the transformation
66
what is oppositional defiant disorder?
basically defiant and like to argue with authority
67
Describe conduct disorder.
*more physical*
1. bully
2. fight
3. cruel to people or animals
4. steal
5. start fires
68
What are some nonpahrmacological interventions for children and adolescents?
KEY: PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND SUPPORT
1. group therapy
2. milieu therapy
3. behavior mod
4. quiet room
5. dramatic play role therapy
6. play therapy
7. music therapy
8. recreational therapy
9. therapeutic games
69
What do those with a serious mental illness have difficulty in doing?
ADLS
relationships
communication
finances
coping
70
what kinds of effects does a serious mental illness have on individuals?
1. poverty
2. poorer health outcomes
3. victimization
4. housing instability
5. anosognosia
6. Substance use disorder
71
What effect does a serious mental illness have on families?
1. Difficulty coping
2. Burnout
3. Abuse
72
How does SMI have effects on society?
1. increased taxes
2. involuntary tx
3. outpatient commitment
4. incarcerated individuals
5. transinstitutionalization
73
What kind of gratification do those with pyromania experience?
sexual and emotional gratification
74
What are some interventions for impulse control disorders?
1. tension prevention
2. assist with managing feelings effectively
3. help identify consequences with actions
4. special hairstyling
75
what is the tx for someone with impulse control disorder?
combination of psychotherapy and medications
76
what are paraphilic disorders?
sexual acts that deviate from socially acceptable behavior
77
what do paraphilic disorders cause?
1. distress
2. risk of harm
3. actual harm
78
What is exhibitionistic disorder?
sexually aroused by exposing their genitals
79
what is frotteurisitc disorder?
someone who rubs their genitals on someone unsuspecting it and gets gratification
80
What is pedophilia?
fantasize w a pre-pubescent child
81
what are sexual masochism and sexual sadism disorders?
sexual masochism is on themselves and
sexual sadism is on another person
82
What is voyeurisitc disorder?
a person watching you have sex is getting aroused by you not knowing there watching you
83
what do paraphilic disorders have on society?
1. can be minor
2. violated victims
3. sexual offender registries
4. correctional monitoring
5. preventative psychiatric incarceration
84
What would we implement for paraphilic disorders?
1. convey acceptance
2. assist with helpful resources
3. maintain boundaries
4. stress contro, strategies
5. assist with identifying consequences of their actions
85
What are the interdisciplinary treatments for paraphilic disorders?
1. meds
2. chemical/surgical castration
3. psychotherapy
86
what is surgical castration?
removal of the testicles
87
What is ageism?
deeply rooted negative attitudes towards individuals due to their age
age discrimination
88
what are some communication strategies?
1. elderspeak
2. keep questions short
3. pace the interview
4. start with open-ended, use simple choice if needed
89
what is important to know about medications and older adults?
1. slower metabolism
2. med nonadherence
3. anticholinergics
90
what are some presenting symptoms of depression in older adults?
1. delirium
2. Dementia
3. forgetfulness
4. agitation, combativeness
5. irritability
6. fatigue, aches and pains
7. Paranoia
91
what is the tx for depression in older adults?
1. psychosocial txs
2. talk therapy
3. social support systems
4. ECT (last resort)
5. antidepressants
92
can delirium and dementia lead to aids?
yes
93
what are the different legal issues regarding older adults?
1. right to die
2. restraints
94
can you give someone chemical restraints to someone who has dementia?
nooooo chemical restraints
95
What are some examples of an advanced directive?
1. living will
2. directive to physician
3. durable power of attorney for health care
