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mental health > week 7 > Flashcards

week 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What factors can contribute to the vulnerability pf psychological conditions?

A
  1. Genetic factors
  2. Biochemical factors
  3. Environmental factors
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2
Q

What are the different neurodevelopment disorders?

A
  1. intellectual disability
  2. communication disorders
  3. autism spectrum disorders
  4. ADHD
  5. Specific learning disorders
  6. Motor disorders
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3
Q

Describe intellectual disability.

A
  1. mild vs moderate vs severe vs profound
  2. Domains: conceptual, social, practical
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4
Q

Describe mild intellectual disability

A
  1. its INDISTINGUISHABLE from those with normal IQs
  2. Capable of ADLS
  3. Mid-elementary school level
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5
Q

Describe moderate intellectual disorder.

A
  1. Develops skills slowly
  2. 1st-3rd grade reading level
  3. difficulty interpreting social cues
  4. socially, intellectually slow
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6
Q

Describe severe intellectual disability

A
  1. Delayed/absent speech
  2. Require significant support
  3. Shortened life span
  4. Single words or gestures to communicate
  5. Can do things with prompting like getting dressed or eating
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7
Q

Describe profound intellectual disability

A
  1. Nonverbal
  2. Sensory and physical impairments
  3. constant supervision
  4. cannot read
  5. total care/need constant supervision
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8
Q

What are the different types of communication disorders?

A
  1. Language disorders
  2. Speech sound disorders
  3. Childhood-onset fluency disorder
  4. Social communication disorder
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9
Q

Describe language disorder.

A

Hard time joining words together

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10
Q

Describe speech sound disorders

A

-having a lisp
-cleft palate=difficulty of making certain sounds

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11
Q

Describe childhood-onset fluency disorder.

A

-Stuttering
-occurs before the age of 6
-anxiety based around this disorder

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12
Q

describe social communication disorder

A

socially awkward

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13
Q

What are communication disorders seen in conjunction with?

A

seen in conjunction with intellectual disabilities like autism

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of ADHD?

A
  1. Deficits in social and emotional interactions
  2. Repetitive patterns
  3. Strict routines
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15
Q

What are some repetitive patterns of ADHD?

A
  1. Stimming
  2. Perseveration
  3. Echolalia
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16
Q

What is stimming in ADHD?

A

Arm flapping
twirling their hands
repetitive tic

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17
Q

What is perseveration in ADHD?

A

so focused on one topic

they have profound knowledge on this one topic but delayed on other topics

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18
Q

What is echolalia in ADHD?

A

when they echo words
bathroom bathroom bathroom

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19
Q

What disturbances do those with autism spectrum disorders experience?

A
  1. sensory integration dysfunction
  2. sleep disorders
  3. Digestive disorders
  4. Feeding disorders
  5. epilepsy
  6. allergies
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20
Q

what is a co,,on morbidity of autism spectrum disorder?

A

epilepsy

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21
Q

What is sensory integration dysfunction in autism spectrum disorder?

A

Finding different things to touch

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22
Q

How many levels are in autism spectrum disorder?

A

3

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23
Q

Describe level one of autism spectrum disorder.

A

they are able to function but have social deficit

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24
Q

Describe level 2 of autism spectrum disorder.

A
  1. communication deficits
  2. Obvious repetitive behaviors
  3. Change causes distress
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25
Q

Describe level 3 in autism spectrum disorder.

A
  1. severe social deficits
  2. Limited communication/non-verbal
    they do things like head banging
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26
Q

what med is usually given to someone who is a level 3 autism spectrum disorder?

A

Second gen antipsychotic

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27
Q

What are two learning disorders?

A
  1. Dyslexia
  2. Dyscalculia
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28
Q

What is the difference between dyslexia and dyscalculia?

A

dyslexia: difficulty reading, words look bunched together

dyscalculia: similar but more in reference to numbers

EX: difficult time reading dates, times, counting money

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29
Q

What are the different mood disorders?

A
  1. Developmental coordination disorder
  2. Tourettes disorder
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30
Q

What is developmental coordination disorder?

A

delayed coordination skills and hard time with hand writing skills

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31
Q

What is Tourettes disorder?

A

says random words, motor tics like random throat cleaning and does this during inappropriate times/situations

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32
Q

What are the different anxiety disorders?

A
  1. Separation anxiety disorder
  2. Selective mutism
  3. Specific phobias
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33
Q

What is separation anxiety disorder?

A

inappropriate fear of being of being separated from someone.

Worry about being kidapped or parent is going to die.

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34
Q

What is selective mutism?

A

not speaking a specific times

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35
Q

Do phobias stem from anxiety?

A

yes

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36
Q

What are some obsessive-compusive and related disorders?

A
  1. Trichotillmania
  2. Excoriation disorder
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37
Q

What is Trichotillomania?

A

Pulling or twisting of the hair

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38
Q

What is excoriation disorder?

A

skin picking
nail biting
can lead to infection and scarring

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39
Q

Those who have trauma or stress related disorders… what do they have an increase of?

A

increase in physical symptoms such as regressive behaviors, nightmares

40
Q

what is reactive attachment disorder?

A

ex: someone in the foster care system, emotionally withdrawn behavior

41
Q

what are some feeding and eating disorders?

A
  1. Pica
  2. Rumination disorder
  3. avoidant/restrictive food-intake disorder
42
Q

What is pica?

A

craving for non-nutritional substances (My strange addiction)

43
Q

What is rumination disorder?

A

child chews food, vomits it out and saves it for later

44
Q

What are some elimination disorders?

A
  1. Enuresis
  2. Encopresis
45
Q

What is enuresis?

A
  1. Bed wetting
  2. voluntary involuntary abnormal after the age of 5
46
Q

What is encopresis?

A

A condition in which a child resists having bowel movements, causing impacted stool to collect in the colon and rectum and lead to leakage.

47
Q

What age range is substance use disorder prominent in?

A

12-17

48
Q

What are some symptoms of ADHD?

A

persistent patterns of:
1. inattention
2. Impaired ability to focus and concentrate
3. Hyperactivity and impulsivity

49
Q

What are some examples of someone with ADHD?

A
  1. running when not appropriate
  2. interrupt conversations
  3. Fluctuating school work
  4. internal restlessness
50
Q

what kind of effect of effect does ADHD have on society?

A
  1. lower socioeconomic status
  2. complete fewer years of school
  3. higher substance use
  4. increased traffic incidents
51
Q

What would you implement for someone with adhd?

A
  1. Stimulation reduction strategies
  2. enhance organization skills
  3. Enhance time management skills
52
Q

how would you enhance time management skills for someone who has adhd?

A

having them use a to-do list

53
Q

What would you want to do for someone who has adhd?

A

remove anything that prevents them from focusing

  1. turning off music
  2. Get rid of clutter
54
Q

What are some medication categories for adhd?

A
  1. simulants and antidepressants
55
Q

what are the stimulants for adhd?

A
  1. Methylphenidate
  2. Amphetamine salts
  3. Lisdexamfetamine
56
Q

what are some antidepressants that can be used for adhd?

A
  1. Buproprion
  2. Atomoxetine
57
Q

What potential cardiovascular effects do stimulants have on someone with adhd?

A

potential effects of chest pain and increased HR/BP

58
Q

What do stimulants cause for someone who had adhd?

A
  1. cause a lot of weight loss (monitor for a couple of weeks)
59
Q

when would you give a stimulant for someone with adhd?

A

give at night because it may cause insomnia and give on an empty stomach

60
Q

Why would you opt to give someone an antidepressant rather than a stimulant?

A

option for those who don’t like the cardiovascular affects or have a x of HTN

61
Q

how long does it take for an antidepressant to take effect in someone who had adhd?

A

a few weeks to take effect

62
Q

What is gender dysphoria?

A

feeling that a person is in the wrong-gender body

they have a strong and persistent desire

63
Q

What do those with gender dysmorphia typically experience?

A

experience embarrassment, social isolation

64
Q

what transition preparations will those who have gender dysphoria have to do?

A
  1. psychotherapy
  2. living as desired gender for 1-2 years
  3. surgical intervention
65
Q

why may psychotherapy assist someone with transition preparation?

A

mainly to assist in deciding to fully carry out the transformation

66
Q

what is oppositional defiant disorder?

A

basically defiant and like to argue with authority

67
Q

Describe conduct disorder.

A

more physical
1. bully
2. fight
3. cruel to people or animals
4. steal
5. start fires

68
Q

What are some nonpahrmacological interventions for children and adolescents?

A

KEY: PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND SUPPORT

  1. group therapy
  2. milieu therapy
  3. behavior mod
  4. quiet room
  5. dramatic play role therapy
  6. play therapy
  7. music therapy
  8. recreational therapy
  9. therapeutic games
69
Q

What do those with a serious mental illness have difficulty in doing?

A

ADLS
relationships
communication
finances
coping

70
Q

what kinds of effects does a serious mental illness have on individuals?

A
  1. poverty
  2. poorer health outcomes
  3. victimization
  4. housing instability
  5. anosognosia
  6. Substance use disorder
71
Q

What effect does a serious mental illness have on families?

A
  1. Difficulty coping
  2. Burnout
  3. Abuse
72
Q

How does SMI have effects on society?

A
  1. increased taxes
  2. involuntary tx
  3. outpatient commitment
  4. incarcerated individuals
  5. transinstitutionalization
73
Q

What kind of gratification do those with pyromania experience?

A

sexual and emotional gratification

74
Q

What are some interventions for impulse control disorders?

A
  1. tension prevention
  2. assist with managing feelings effectively
  3. help identify consequences with actions
  4. special hairstyling
75
Q

what is the tx for someone with impulse control disorder?

A

combination of psychotherapy and medications

76
Q

what are paraphilic disorders?

A

sexual acts that deviate from socially acceptable behavior

77
Q

what do paraphilic disorders cause?

A
  1. distress
  2. risk of harm
  3. actual harm
78
Q

What is exhibitionistic disorder?

A

sexually aroused by exposing their genitals

79
Q

what is frotteurisitc disorder?

A

someone who rubs their genitals on someone unsuspecting it and gets gratification

80
Q

What is pedophilia?

A

fantasize w a pre-pubescent child

81
Q

what are sexual masochism and sexual sadism disorders?

A

sexual masochism is on themselves and

sexual sadism is on another person

82
Q

What is voyeurisitc disorder?

A

a person watching you have sex is getting aroused by you not knowing there watching you

83
Q

what do paraphilic disorders have on society?

A
  1. can be minor
  2. violated victims
  3. sexual offender registries
  4. correctional monitoring
  5. preventative psychiatric incarceration
84
Q

What would we implement for paraphilic disorders?

A
  1. convey acceptance
  2. assist with helpful resources
  3. maintain boundaries
  4. stress contro, strategies
  5. assist with identifying consequences of their actions
85
Q

What are the interdisciplinary treatments for paraphilic disorders?

A
  1. meds
  2. chemical/surgical castration
  3. psychotherapy
86
Q

what is surgical castration?

A

removal of the testicles

87
Q

What is ageism?

A

deeply rooted negative attitudes towards individuals due to their age

age discrimination

88
Q

what are some communication strategies?

A
  1. elderspeak
  2. keep questions short
  3. pace the interview
  4. start with open-ended, use simple choice if needed
89
Q

what is important to know about medications and older adults?

A
  1. slower metabolism
  2. med nonadherence
  3. anticholinergics
90
Q

what are some presenting symptoms of depression in older adults?

A
  1. delirium
  2. Dementia
  3. forgetfulness
  4. agitation, combativeness
  5. irritability
  6. fatigue, aches and pains
  7. Paranoia
91
Q

what is the tx for depression in older adults?

A
  1. psychosocial txs
  2. talk therapy
  3. social support systems
  4. ECT (last resort)
  5. antidepressants
92
Q

can delirium and dementia lead to aids?

A

yes

93
Q

what are the different legal issues regarding older adults?

A
  1. right to die
  2. restraints
94
Q

can you give someone chemical restraints to someone who has dementia?

A

nooooo chemical restraints

95
Q

What are some examples of an advanced directive?

A
  1. living will
  2. directive to physician
  3. durable power of attorney for health care

mental health (14 decks)

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