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Week 7 Flashcards

Interviewing Techniques + Theories of Intelligence (41 cards)

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1
Q

What is the assessment interview?

A

Important means of data collection during psychological evaluation

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2
Q

What defines an unstructured interview?

A

There are no specific questions or guidelines

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of Interviewing techniques for unstructured interviews?

A

Non-Directive and Directive

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4
Q

What does Non-Directive Interviewing mean?

A

Client has maximum control over the course of the interaction, uses open-ended questions

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5
Q

What does directive interviewing mean?

A

The clinician directs the course of the interaction by asking the client specific questions. Still uses open-ended questions.

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6
Q

What defines a structured interview?

A

There is a specific set of questions
I.e., standardised like a test

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7
Q

What defines a semi-structured interview?

A

Combination of unstructured and structured

Specific set of questions prepared in advance, but also has the flexibility to adjust the order, add follow-up questions, or delve deeper into particular topics based on the client’s answers.

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8
Q

What are the 3 stages of an interview?

A

Opening, Main Body, Closing

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9
Q

What is the Opening Stage of an interview?

A

Introduction
- Intro urself and ur credentials
- Intro methods for recording and what will happen
- Inform length
- Build Rapport
- Provide opportunity for client to ask q

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10
Q

What is the Main Body Stage of an interview?

A

Questioning Session
- Start w easy q and move onto more diff q
- Decide on areas that need to be explored
- Move from general to specific q
- Begin with least threatening to more sensitive/confronting q

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11
Q

What is the Closing Stage of an interview?

A

Conclusion/Recap
- Wind down gradually
- Recap key themes
- Provide further opportunities for qs
- Provide info for next stages of assessment

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12
Q

What are some methods of building rapport?

A
  1. Commonality
    • Deliberately finding something in common with the client
  2. Emotional Mirroring
    • Empathising with the client’s emotional state
  3. Posture Mirroring
    - Matching the tone of the client’s body language through mirroring but not direct imitation.
  4. Non-Judgemental Attitude
  5. Inviting Behaviour
    - Inviting gestures and open body language
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13
Q

What are some methods to keep the interview flowing?

A
  1. Transitional Phrases
  2. Verbatim Playback
  3. Paraphrasing & Restatement
  4. Summarising
  5. Clarification Response
  6. Empathy and Understanding
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14
Q

What is a case study interview?

A

Biographical data to provide a context for interpreting other test scores

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15
Q

What are common domains to explore in a case study interview?

A
  1. Chronology of Life Events
  2. History of the ‘Problem’
  3. Work History
  4. Medical History
  5. Family History
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16
Q

What are some key features of a structured clinical interview?

A
  1. Specific Questions
  2. Specific Order
  3. Specific Rules for Probing
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17
Q

What are some strengths of a structured clinical interview?

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A

Reliable
Diagnostic

18
Q

What are some weaknesses of a structured clinical interview?

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A

Rigid
Assumes honesty of participants (universal)

19
Q

What is the purpose of a mental status examination?

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A

Evaluate:
1. Neurological Problems
2. Emotional Problems

Contributes to the diagnosis of:
1. Psychosis
2. Brain Damage
3. Other mental health issues

20
Q

What are some things to look out for in a mental status examination?

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A
  1. General Observations (appearance, speech, behaviour, cooperativeness)
  2. Thought processes
  3. Emotions/Mood/Affect
  4. Cognition/Orientation/Attention/Memory etc.
21
Q

What are some challenges to validity in interviews?

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A
  1. Stereotyping
  2. Halo Effects (positive or negative)
    - The tendency for positive/negative impressions of a person, company, country, brand, or product in one area to positively/negatively influence one’s opinion or feelings
  3. Confirmation Bias
    - Search for evidence that supports your beliefs whilst ignoring others.
  4. Poor predictive validity
22
Q

What are some challenges to reliability in interviews?

Study These Flashcards
A

Reliability estimates fluctuate wildly
- Inter-rater reliability

Reliability better for structured interviews than unstructured interviews

23
Q

Who made some classical definitions of intelligence?

Study These Flashcards
A

Spearman
Terman
Wechsler
Sternberg

24
Q

What was stermans definition of intelligence

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A

A general ability which involves mainly the education of relations and correlates

25
What was termans definition of intelligence
The capacity to form concepts and grasp their significance
26
What was weschlers definition of intelligence
The aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment
27
What was sternbergs definition of intelligence
The mental capacity to automatize information processing and to emit contextually appropriate behaviour in response to novelty; intelligence also includes metacomponents, performance components, and knowledge-acquisition components
28
What are the 5 domains that compose the modern definition of intelligence
1. Learning from experience 2. Adjusting to new situations 3. Abstract Thinking 4. Solving Problems through Insight 5. Focusing and Sustaining One’s Abilities to Achieve A Desired Goal
29
What was Spearman's 2 level model of intelligence?
One General Factor (g) Multiple specific factors that load on g (s) S factor = specific skills/intelligence g factor = general intelligence
30
What was Cattell's addition to intelligence?
Fluid and Crystallised Intelligence
31
What is fluid intelligence?
Ability to see relationships (reasoning ability) - Knowledge you infer without being told
32
What is Crystallised intelligence?
Acquired knowledge and skills (size of one's store of factual knowledge) - Knowledge you have to be taught
33
What was Vernon's contribution to Intelligence?
Hierarchical Models of intelligence. (Pyramid) Major and minor group factors; based on factor-analytic studies/patterns of association among individual tests Allow for many levels of organisation depending on the purpose of measurement (global vs specific) e.g., Verbal Education made up of Creative Abilities, verbal fluency and numerical factors all of which are made of 3 more factors
34
What was Carroll's 3 stratum theory of intelligence?
Intelligence made up of 3 stratums Stratum 3: General Intelligence Stratum 2: Broad Categories Stratum 1: 69 narrow abilities (specific skills) that relate to a specific stratum
35
What is the most current/popular model of intelligence?
Cattell-Horn-Carroll 3 Tier Model
36
What is the Cattell-Horn-Carroll 3 Tier Model for intelligence?
Built on research of many factor analytic studies Assumes that intelligence is dependent on an underlying neurological substrate Anatomic structures, electrophysiological processes, cerebral blood flow to portions of the brain during various cognitive processes etc.
37
Who was the first to speculate nature v nurture?
Francis Galton
38
What are some environmental influences on intelligence?
1. Prenatal and Early developmental influences - Birth complications, birth weight, anoxia (lack of oxygen) 2. Malnutrition and Famine 3. Family Background - Income, education, parent's occupation, family atmosphere 4. Specific Home Environmental Factors - Pressure, educational provisions 5. Psychosocial Factors - Quality of language, appreciation of achievement 6. Amount of schooling
39
What are some advantages of intelligence testing?
1. Accurate in predicting short-term future behaviour 2. Correlated w academic and occupational success 3. Provides valuable info about cognitive strengths and weaknesses 4. Ability to compare performance to age-related peers 5. Provides baseline for determining degree of change
39
What is the current need in intelligence testing?
Development of culture-relevant test vs culture-free or culture-fair tests How intelligence is manifested differs across diff cultures
39
What are some disadvantages of intelligence testing?
1. Labelling and misrepresenting IQ as a fixed ability 2. Focus on analytical and scientific models of thought (over practical) 3. Look at what rather than how 4. Limited usefulness in assessing minority groups

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