Week 7

Question 1

Q1: What is the primary goal of ethical principles in psychological practice?
a) To avoid malpractice lawsuits
b) To enhance the professional status of psychologists
c) To protect the welfare and rights of clients
d) To promote competition among practitioners

Answer 1

c) To protect the welfare and rights of clients
Source: [Lecture Part A – 00:02:11]

Question 2

Q2: According to the APS Code of Ethics, what underpins Principle A (Respect)?
a) Efficiency in service delivery
b) Accountability and peer review
c) Justice, informed consent, and privacy
d) Cost-effective client management

Answer 2

c) Justice, informed consent, and privacy
Source: [Lecture Part A – 00:03:44]

Question 3

Q3: Which of the following best reflects Principle B: Propriety?
a) Making autonomous ethical decisions based on personal beliefs
b) Acting within one’s professional competence and maintaining self-care
c) Ensuring clients always follow advice
d) Offering informal support outside of sessions

Answer 3

b) Acting within one’s professional competence and maintaining self-care
Source: [Lecture Part B – 00:05:31]

Question 4

Q4: What does Principle C: Integrity focus on?
a) Rapport building and client satisfaction
b) Honest, objective, and trustworthy professional conduct
c) Supporting client independence
d) Collaborating with medical professionals

Answer 4

b) Honest, objective, and trustworthy professional conduct
Source: [Lecture Part B – 00:09:22]

Question 5

Q5: Which is NOT a step in the APS Ethical Decision Making Model?
a) Evaluate risks, rights, and responsibilities
b) Make a decision and accept responsibility
c) Determine financial implications
d) Identify the ethical dilemma

Answer 5

c) Determine financial implications
Source: [APS EDM Model – Step 1–7]

Question 6

Q6: Why is self-care considered an ethical obligation in psychology?
a) It is mandated by insurance policies
b) It prevents boundary violations
c) It helps psychologists maintain competence and prevent harm
d) It ensures timely session delivery

Answer 6

c) It helps psychologists maintain competence and prevent harm
Source: [Lecture Part B – 00:06:41]

Question 7

Q7: According to Holohan & Fiske (2021), how might transference manifest with AI-based therapy tools?
a) Clients treat the AI as irrelevant
b) Clients ignore AI responses
c) Clients form perceived emotional bonds with AI systems
d) Clients request in-person sessions only

Answer 7

c) Clients form perceived emotional bonds with AI systems
Source: [Holohan & Fiske, 2021, p. 5]

Question 8

Q8: What does the APS Code of Ethics require when psychologists become aware of a colleague’s serious ethical violation?
a) Keep it confidential out of respect
b) Report it to the media
c) Take reasonable steps to address the issue, including reporting
d) Avoid involvement entirely

Answer 8

c) Take reasonable steps to address the issue, including reporting
Source: [APS Code of Ethics – General Guidelines, Section C]

Question 9

Q9: What is a potential risk of using AI systems in psychotherapy as noted by Fiske et al. (2019)?
a) Increased human connection
b) Enhanced nonverbal cues
c) Ethical ambiguity in emotional interactions
d) Reduced cost of services

Answer 9

c) Ethical ambiguity in emotional interactions
Source: [Fiske et al., 2019, p. 4]

Question 10

Q10: In the EDM model, what is the primary reason for evaluating risks, rights, and responsibilities?
a) To fulfill legal obligations only
b) To determine insurance coverage
c) To weigh competing values and reduce potential harm
d) To increase therapist confidence

Answer 10

c) To weigh competing values and reduce potential harm
Source: [APS EDM Model – Step 4]

Question 11

Q11: What is one critique of conversational AI tools in therapy highlighted by Sedlakova & Trachsel (2023)?
a) They provide excessive empathy
b) They cannot establish therapeutic alliance
c) They lack the ability to generate insights
d) They rely too heavily on therapist input

Answer 11

b) They cannot establish therapeutic alliance
Source: [Sedlakova & Trachsel, 2023, p. 6]

Question 12

Q12: What is the FIRST step in the APS Ethical Decision-Making Model?
a) Implement action
b) Identify the ethical dilemma
c) Evaluate rights and responsibilities
d) Consult the literature

Answer 12

b) Identify the ethical dilemma
Source: [APS EDM Model – Step 1]

Question 13

Q13: What is one benefit of using the APS EDM model?
a) It eliminates ethical uncertainty
b) It provides a structured, step-by-step guide for ethical clarity
c) It offers pre-written scripts for ethical responses
d) It reduces accountability

Answer 13

b) It provides a structured, step-by-step guide for ethical clarity
Source: [Lecture – Ethical Decision Making Model, 00:12:22]

Question 14

Q14: What is a therapist’s ethical responsibility when working outside their area of competence?
a) Inform the client but proceed anyway
b) Refer the client or seek supervision
c) Continue only if the client consents
d) Deliver minimal services

Answer 14

b) Refer the client or seek supervision
Source: [Lecture – Ethics Principle B, 00:07:34]

Question 15

Q15: What does Principle A highlight about working with vulnerable populations?
a) Avoidance of emotionally charged topics
b) Upholding dignity, justice, and informed consent
c) Delegating responsibility to supervisors
d) Minimising service duration

Answer 15

b) Upholding dignity, justice, and informed consent
Source: [Lecture – Ethics Principle A, 00:04:02]

Question 16

Q16: In what way does the APS EDM model encourage professional accountability?
a) By requiring anonymous case review
b) Through steps that include documenting reasoning and consultation
c) By assigning decision-making to boards
d) Via automated ethical tools

Answer 16

b) Through steps that include documenting reasoning and consultation
Source: [APS EDM Model – Step 6]

Question 17

Q17: What kind of boundary does Principle C address most directly?
a) Geographical boundaries
b) Role boundaries to avoid dual relationships
c) Financial boundaries
d) Time-management issues

Answer 17

b) Role boundaries to avoid dual relationships
Source: [Lecture – Principle C, 00:10:12]

Question 18

Q18: What aspect of AI use in therapy raises concerns around respect and dignity?
a) AI’s slow response times
b) Use of pre-programmed humor
c) Misunderstanding of cultural or emotional context
d) Expense of AI platforms

Answer 18

c) Misunderstanding of cultural or emotional context
Source: [Holohan & Fiske, 2021, p. 4]

Question 19

Q19: How should psychologists address uncertainty when faced with an ethical dilemma?
a) Make a quick intuitive decision
b) Follow institutional guidelines only
c) Use a structured decision-making model and seek supervision
d) Ask the client for consent and proceed

Answer 19

c) Use a structured decision-making model and seek supervision
Source: [Lecture – EDM, 00:14:33]

Question 20

Q20: What ethical issue is particularly prominent in digital or AI-assisted therapy contexts?
a) Session scheduling errors
b) Therapist over-identification
c) Ambiguity around responsibility and accountability
d) Excessive face-to-face interaction

Answer 20

c) Ambiguity around responsibility and accountability
Source: [Fiske et al., 2019, p. 5]

Question 21

Q21: What is the first step in the APS Ethical Decision Making Model?
a) Evaluate outcomes
b) Consult a supervisor
c) Recognize that there is an ethical issue
d) Choose and implement a preferred option

Answer 21

Correct Answer: c) Recognize that there is an ethical issue
Source: [Lecture – EDM Model – 00:01:04]

Question 22

Q22: According to Principle B (Propriety), psychologists must:
a) Prioritize client outcomes over their own well-being
b) Maintain competence through ongoing education
c) Seek consent before each therapy session
d) Only treat clients who present no risk

Answer 22

Correct Answer: b) Maintain competence through ongoing education
Source: [Lecture – Ethics Principle B – 00:02:13]

Question 23

Q23: Which of the following would be considered a breach of confidentiality?
a) Discussing a client case in supervision
b) Reporting suspected child abuse
c) Posting about a client on social media
d) Recording a session for training with client consent

Answer 23

Correct Answer: c) Posting about a client on social media
Source: [APS Code of Ethics – General Principle A.5]

Question 24

Q24: In cases where legal obligations override ethical ones, what must a psychologist do?
a) Ignore legal obligations
b) Only follow ethical codes
c) Comply with legal mandates, such as mandatory reporting
d) Prioritize client requests

Answer 24

Correct Answer: c) Comply with legal mandates, such as mandatory reporting
Source: [Lecture – EDM Model – 00:05:02]

Question 25

Q25: Reflective practice is critical in ethical decision-making because: a) It enhances diagnostic speed b) It prevents burnout c) It helps identify when something feels ethically wrong d) It satisfies APS audit requirements

Answer 25

Correct Answer: c) It helps identify when something feels ethically wrong Source: [Lecture – EDM Model – 00:02:10]

Question 26

Q26: According to the APS Code of Ethics, psychologists must avoid: a) Charging clients upfront b) Using humor in therapy c) Dual relationships that impair objectivity d) Working in educational settings

Answer 26

Correct Answer: c) Dual relationships that impair objectivity Source: [Lecture – Ethics Principle C – 00:19:50]

Question 27

Q27: Which principle relates to ‘Acting with honesty and integrity’? a) Principle A b) Principle B c) Principle C d) Principle D

Answer 27

Correct Answer: c) Principle C Source: [Lecture – Ethics Principle – 00:18:44]

Question 28

Q28: In the context of AI in psychotherapy, a major ethical concern is: a) Speed of response b) Accuracy of AI grammar c) Lack of empathy and unclear boundaries d) Cost of implementation

Answer 28

Correct Answer: c) Lack of empathy and unclear boundaries Source: [Reading – Holohan & Fiske, 2022]

Question 29

Q29: What should a psychologist do if unsure about an ethical dilemma? a) Ignore it until it becomes clear b) Make a decision independently c) Consult a supervisor or colleague d) Ask the client for advice

Answer 29

Correct Answer: c) Consult a supervisor or colleague Source: [Lecture – EDM Model – 00:13:00]

Question 30

Q30: What is a key safeguard for psychologists using AI in therapy? a) Avoid disclosing AI use b) Use disclaimers and informed consent c) Let clients train the AI d) Maintain an anonymous AI system

Answer 30

Correct Answer: b) Use disclaimers and informed consent Source: [Reading – Fiske, 2021]

Question 31

Q31: What is a key benefit of the APS Ethical Decision-Making Model in practice? a) It guarantees a legally defensible outcome b) It provides a step-by-step process to reduce ethical uncertainty c) It eliminates personal bias completely d) It replaces the need for supervision

Answer 31

Correct Answer: b) It provides a step-by-step process to reduce ethical uncertainty Source: [APS Ethical Decision-Making Model – 2021, p. 1]

Question 32

Q32: According to Principle A of the APS Code of Ethics, what must psychologists prioritise? a) Advancing psychological science b) Respect for the rights and dignity of people c) Avoiding conflict with clients d) Achieving therapeutic outcomes

Answer 32

Correct Answer: b) Respect for the rights and dignity of people Source: [APS Code of Ethics – 2018, Principle A]

Question 33

Q33: Which of the following best illustrates Principle B – Propriety? a) Disregarding client cultural background b) Practicing within one’s competence and training c) Sharing client stories to educate peers d) Referring all clients for assessment

Answer 33

Correct Answer: b) Practicing within one’s competence and training Source: [APS Code of Ethics – 2018, Principle B]

Question 34

Q34: Which ethical challenge is highlighted by Holohan & Fiske (2021) in AI therapy? a) Overuse of face-to-face therapy b) Therapist burnout due to AI overload c) The difficulty in establishing transference with non-human agents d) Legal barriers to AI in private practice

Answer 34

Correct Answer: c) The difficulty in establishing transference with non-human agents Source: [Holohan & Fiske, 2021 – p. 3]

Question 35

Q35: What concern does Sedlakova & Trachsel (2023) raise about AI in therapy? a) AI replacing standard assessments b) Clients developing over-reliance on AI systems c) AI not being able to record sessions properly d) Reducing therapy costs for clients

Answer 35

Correct Answer: b) Clients developing over-reliance on AI systems Source: [Sedlakova & Trachsel, 2023 – p. 5]

Question 36

Q36: What does the APS recommend when facing a complex ethical dilemma? a) Refer to external legislation only b) Disregard personal feelings c) Use the APS decision-making model and seek supervision d) Avoid action until policy is clarified

Answer 36

Correct Answer: c) Use the APS decision-making model and seek supervision Source: [APS Ethical Guidelines – 2021, p. 2]

Question 37

Q37: What is transference in psychotherapy as discussed in Week 7 readings? a) Legal ownership of session content b) The process of diagnosing trauma c) Emotional displacement onto the therapist d) Therapist enforcing treatment compliance

Answer 37

Correct Answer: c) Emotional displacement onto the therapist Source: [Holohan & Fiske, 2021 – p. 2]

Question 38

Q38: What ethical risk is amplified when clients are unaware of AI limitations? a) Empowerment b) Informed consent violations c) Enhanced empathy d) Reduced service availability

Answer 38

Correct Answer: b) Informed consent violations Source: [Sedlakova & Trachsel, 2023 – p. 4]

Question 39

Q39: What does the APS Code require regarding informed consent? a) Use of legal jargon b) Full client understanding and agreement c) Therapist-only documentation d) One-time explanation at intake

Answer 39

Correct Answer: b) Full client understanding and agreement Source: [APS Code of Ethics – 2018, Section A.3]

Question 40

Q40: In the context of AI therapy, what ethical principle is most at risk if emotional connection is lacking? a) Principle B: Propriety b) Principle A: Respect c) Principle C: Integrity d) Principle D: Competence

Answer 40

Correct Answer: b) Principle A: Respect Source: [Holohan & Fiske, 2021 – p. 4]

Question 41

Q21: What is one potential *benefit* of using AI in psychological practice? a) It eliminates the need for human therapists b) It provides 24/7 access and can enhance treatment accessibility c) It ensures deeper therapeutic relationships d) It replaces complex ethical decision-making

Answer 41

b) It provides 24/7 access and can enhance treatment accessibility Source: [Holohan & Fiske, 2023 – p. 4]

Question 42

Q22: Which of the following best reflects a *future ethical concern* regarding AI in therapy? a) Clients might prefer to talk to someone in person b) AI may cause slow Wi-Fi connections during sessions c) Over-reliance on AI might erode therapeutic judgment and human empathy d) Clients may request a second opinion

Answer 42

c) Over-reliance on AI might erode therapeutic judgment and human empathy Source: [Fiske, 2023 – “Embodied AI in Psychotherapy”, p. 7]

Question 43

Q23: How might AI challenge traditional ethical frameworks in psychological practice? a) By introducing biases and automated decisions that lack transparency b) By increasing the length of therapy sessions c) By preventing therapists from using diagnostic labels d) By avoiding client confidentiality issues

Answer 43

a) By introducing biases and automated decisions that lack transparency Source: [Fiske, 2023 – p. 6; APS Ethical Guidelines, 2021]